Introduction to Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Define general formula
An algebraic formula that can describe any number of a family of compounds
e.g. CnH2n+1OH (alcohols)
Define empirical formula
The simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
Define molecular formula
the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule
Define skeletal formula
shows the bonds of the carbon skeleton only
Define displayed formula
shows how all the atoms are arranged and all of the bonds between them
A __________ series is a group of compounds that contain the same functional group
homologous
check page 136/137
Look at page 138/139
Isomers have the same ______ formula
molecular
what are the different types of structural isomers?
Chain isomers : different arrangements of the carbon skeleton
Positional isomers: same skeleton and same atoms attached but the atom/ group is attached to a different carbon atom
Functional group isomers: Same atoms arranged into different functional groups
Stereoisomers have different arrangements in _____
space
Double bonds cannot rotate, why?
rigid and have restricted rotation due to E/Z isomerism
planar
Z isomer ?
has the same groups both above/below the double bond
E isomer ?
has the same groups positioned opposite sides of double bond
use ______ to decide which groups go where in E/Z isomers if groups are different
priority
higher atomic number = higher priority