Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Define general formula

Answer 1

An algebraic formula that can describe any number of a family of compounds

e.g. CnH2n+1OH (alcohols)

Question 2

Define empirical formula

Answer 2

The simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 3

Define molecular formula

Answer 3

the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule

Question 4

Define skeletal formula

Answer 4

shows the bonds of the carbon skeleton only

Question 5

Define displayed formula

Answer 5

shows how all the atoms are arranged and all of the bonds between them

Question 6

A __________ series is a group of compounds that contain the same functional group

Answer 6

homologous

check page 136/137

Question 7

Look at page 138/139

Question 8

Isomers have the same ______ formula

Answer 8

molecular

Question 9

what are the different types of structural isomers?

Answer 9

Chain isomers : different arrangements of the carbon skeleton

Positional isomers: same skeleton and same atoms attached but the atom/ group is attached to a different carbon atom

Functional group isomers: Same atoms arranged into different functional groups

Question 10

Stereoisomers have different arrangements in _____

Answer 10

space

Question 11

Double bonds cannot rotate, why?

Answer 11

rigid and have restricted rotation due to E/Z isomerism
planar

Question 12

Z isomer ?

Answer 12

has the same groups both above/below the double bond

Question 13

E isomer ?

Answer 13

has the same groups positioned opposite sides of double bond

Question 14

use ______ to decide which groups go where in E/Z isomers if groups are different

Answer 14

priority

higher atomic number = higher priority