Group 2 and Group 7 Elements Flashcards
Group 2 elements ____ two electrons when they react
lose
What happens to the atomic radius as you go down group 2 ?
increases
What happens to the first ionisation energy as you go down group 2?
decreases
Each element down group 2 has an extra electron shell compared the the one above
The extra shell shields the outer electrons from the attraction of the nucleus and means outer electrons are further away from the nucleus
What happens to the reactivity as you go down group 2 ?
Increases as the more reactive the element the easier it is to lose electrons (linked to first ionisation)
Melting points generally ________ down group 2
Decrease
The larger the ionic radius, the further away the delocalised electrons are from the positive nuclei and the less attraction they feel. So it takes less energy to break the bonds
However magnesium has a drop as the arrangement of metallic ions changes.
show oxidation of Ca
Ca –> Ca2+ + 2e-
When group 2 metals react with water, what are the products formed?
show example Ca
products = metal hydroxide and hydrogen
Ca(s) + 2H2O(l) –> Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2(g)
water is the oxidising agent in this reaction
Generally compounds of group 2 elements that contain singly charged negative ions (e.g. OH-) _______ in solubility whereas compounds that contain doubly charged negative ions (e.g. SO4 2- ) ________ in solubility
increase
decrease
Most sulfates are soluble in water but ______ _______ is insoluble
barium sulfate (BaSO4)
Test for sulfate ions
If acidified barium chloride (BaCl2) is added to a solution containing sulfate ions then a white precipitate of barium sulfate is formed.
Ba2+(aq) + SO4 2- (aq) –> BaSO4 (s)
e.g. BaCl2 (aq) + FeSO4 (aq) –> BaSO4 (s) + FeCl2 ( aq)
Group 2 elements are known as the alkaline earth metals and many of their common compounds are used for _________ acids.
neutralising
examples
calcium hydroxide is used in agriculture to neutralise acid soils.
magnesium hydroxide is used in some indigestion tablets as an antacid
H+(aq) + OH-(aq) –> H2O(l)
Use of barium sulfate
it is opaque to x rays so can help diagnose problems with oesophagus, stomach etc
Halogens are the highly reactive ________ of group 7
non metals
What happens to electronegativity of group 7 as you go down the group?
decreases
electrons are further from the nucleus and are shielded by more electrons
Why do the boiling points of group 7 increase as you go down the group?
increasing strength of van der Waals as the size and relative mass of molecules increases. This trend is shown in the changes in physical state from fluorine (gas) to iodine (solid)