Introduction to Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Define empirical formula.
Simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule
Define molecular formula.
Gives the actual number of atoms of different elements in a molecule.
Define displayed formula
Shows every atom and every bond in a molecule.
Define structural formula
Shows arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing every bond.
Define skeletal formula
Drawn as lines with each vertex being a carbon atom. Carbon atoms not drawn, assumed each C atom has all unspecified bonds as C-H
Give the suffixes for:
a) No double bonds
b) At least one double bond
c) An alcohol
d) An aldehyde
e) A ketone
f) A carboxylic acid
a) No double bonds = ane
b) At least one double bond = ene
c) An alcohol = ol
d) An aldehyde = al
e) A ketone = one
f) A carboxylic acid = oic acid
Give the prefixes for:
a) CH3 group
b) C2H5 group
c) C3H7 group
d) C4H9 group
e) Cl group
f) Br group
g) I group
a) CH3 group = methyl-
b) C2H5 group = ethyl-
c) C3H7 group = propyl-
d) C4H9 group = butyl-
e) Cl group = chloro-
f) Br group = bromo-
g) I group = iodo-
Define structural isomerism
When molecules have the same molecular formula but different structural formula
What is positional isomerism?
Functional group is attached to the main chain at a different place
What is functional group isomerism?
Same atoms but a different functional group due to a different arrangement of atoms
What is chain isomerism?
Hydrocarbon chain organised differently e.g. branched chains
Define stereoisomerism.
When molecules have the same structural and molecular formula, but have a different arrangement of atoms in space
What is E-Z isomerism and how are the E and Z isomers decided?
E-Z isomerism is caused by the limited rotation about C=C double bonds.
If the two substituents with the highest molecular mass are on the same side of the double bond, it is the Z (zusammen) isomer.
If they are on different sides, it is the E (entgegen) isomer
