Introduction to OpenGL

Question 1

OpenGL is a computer graphics rendering

Answer 1

application programming interface or API

Question 2

is a computer graphics rendering
application programming interface, or API

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OpenGL

Question 3

With it, you can generate high-quality color images by rendering with geometric and image primitives

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OpenGL

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It forms the basis of many interactive applications that include 3D graphics

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OpenGL

Question 5

By using OpenGL, the graphics part of your application can be

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• operating system independent
• window system independent

Question 6

Where is OpenGL first developed?

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Silicon Graphics (SGI) Computer Systems

Question 7

What year is the first version of OpenGL?

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1994

Question 8

Client‐Server Model
* Application (Client)
* Server (Vendor OpenGL implementation)

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OpenGL

Question 9

OpenGL is object oriented

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False

Question 10

What company created OpenGL?

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Khronos

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What is the latest version of OpenGL?

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4.6

Question 12

In OpenGL everything is in

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3D Space

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The process of transforming 3D coordinates to 2D pixels is managed by the

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graphics pipeline of OpenGL

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The graphics pipeline can be divided into two large parts:

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• The first transforms your 3D coordinates into 2D coordinates and the
• Second part transforms the 2D coordinates into actual colored pixels.

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The blue shades represents a programmable pipeline called

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shaders

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Shaders are written using the

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GLSL (OpenGL
Shading Language)

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uses patches to describe an object’s shape and allows relatively simple collections of patch geometry to be tessellated to
increase the number of geometric primitives, providing better-looking
models.

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Tessellation

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The next shader stage allows additional
processing of individual geometric primitives, including creating
new ones, before rasterization.

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Geometry Shader

Question 19

This shading stage is optional but powerful

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Geometry Shader

Question 20

is the stage in the OpenGL Rendering Pipeline where the vertex outputs of the Vertex Processing undergo a variety of
operations. Many of these are setup for Primitive Assembly and
Rasterization stages.

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Vertex Post-Processing

Question 21

is a way of recording values output from the Vertex Processing stage into Buffer Objects. Only the last vertex processing stage can perform transform feedback.

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Transform feedback

Question 22

this stage organizes the vertices into their associated geometric primitives in preparation for clipping and rasterization.

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The primitive assembly

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the region of the
window where you’re permitted to draw

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viewport

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Occasionally, vertices will be outside of the viewport—the region of the window where you’re permitted to draw—and cause the primitive associated with that vertex to be modified so none of its pixels are outside
of the viewport.

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Clipping

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this stage maps the resulting primitive(s) to
the corresponding pixels on the final screen, resulting in fragments for the fragment shader to use.

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Rasterization

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is all the data required for OpenGL to render a single pixel.

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Fragment

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this stage calculates the final
color of a pixel and this is usually the stage where all the advanced OpenGL effects occur.

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Fragment Shader

Question 28

this operations take place after the Fragment Shader has executed. However, it is possible for these to be performed before the fragment shader.

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Per-sample processing

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OpenGL Rendering PipeLine

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Vertex Specification
Vertex Shader
Tessellation
Geometry Shader
Vertex Post-Processing
Primitive Assembly
Rasterization
Fragment Shader
Per-sample processing

Question 30

As input to the graphics pipeline we pass in a list of three 3D coordinates that should form a triangle in an array here called _________ it is a collection of vertices

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Vertex Data

Question 31

is a collection of data per 3D coordinate.

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Vertex

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As input to the graphics pipeline we pass in a list of three 3D coordinates that should form a triangle in an array here called Vertex Data

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Vertex Specification

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The first part of the pipeline and takes a single vertex as input.

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Vertex Shader

Question 34

Initializes GLUT and should be called before other GLUT and OpenGL functions.

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glutInit(&argc, argv);

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Creates a window on the screen with the title given by the argument.

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glutCreateWindow(“simple”);

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The function display() is called each time the window needs to be redrawn.
(pointer to a function)

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glutDisplayFunc(display);

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callback function. Global variables may be necessary to pass values among functions.

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display()

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Causes the program to enter an infinite event‐processing loop. It should be the last statement in the main() function

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glutMainLoop();

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specifies the end of a list of vertices

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glEnd()

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clears all buffers whose bits
are set in mask

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glClear()

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forces previously buffered OpenGL
commands to execute

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glFlush()

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specifies the beginning of an object of type mode. Modes include GL_POINTS, GL_LINES, and GL_POLYGON

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glBegin()

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specifies the location of the
vertex

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glVertex()

Question 44

How many is the Geometric Primitves in OpenGL?

Answer 44

10