Introduction to Nursing Theories

Question 1

She began the history of professional nursing

Answer 1

Florence Nightingale

Question 2

What are the 5 nursing eras?

Answer 2

1. Curriculum Era
2. Research Era
3. Graduate Education Era
4. Theory Era
5. Theory Utilization Era

Question 3

It was during _____ that Nightingale recognized the unique focus of nursing and declared nursing knowledge as distinct from medical knowledge.

Answer 3

Mid 1800s

Question 4

Nursing practice was based on _____ and ______ that were handed down through an apprenticeship model of education and individual hospital procedure manuals.

Answer 4

Principles

Traditions

Question 5

______ reflected its vocational heritage more than its professional vision.

Answer 5

Nursing practice

Question 6

This era emphasized course selection and content for nursing programs and gave way to the research era.

Answer 6

Curriculum Era

Question 7

The idea of moving nursing education from hospital-based diploma programs into colleges and universities began to emerge during this era.

Answer 7

Curriculum Era

Question 8

In this era, research was the path to new nursing knowledge

Answer 8

Research Emphasis Era
Or
Research Era

Question 9

In this era, nurses began to participate in research and research courses were included in nursing curricula

Answer 9

Research Emphasis Era
Or
Research Era

Question 10

Research era and _________ developed in tandem.

Answer 10

Graduate Education Era

Question 11

In this era, the master’s degree programs in nursing emerged across the country to meet the public need for nurses for specialized clinical nursing practice.

Answer 11

Graduate Education Era

Question 12

During this era, nursing theory and nursing conceptual models were included as courses in the study of nursing.

Answer 12

Graduate Education Era

Question 13

The development of nursing knowledge was a major force at this era.

Answer 13

Graduate Education Era

Question 14

In what year were the debates and discussion regarding the proper direction and appropriate discipline for nursing knowledge development?

Answer 14

1960’s

Question 15

In what year did nursing continued to make transition from vocation to profession?

Answer 15

1970’s

Question 16

This era was a natural outgrowth of the research and graduate education eras.

Answer 16

Theory Era

Question 17

In this era, it became obvious that research without conceptual and theoretical frameworks produced isolated information and understanding both research and theory were required to produce nursing science

Answer 17

Theory Era

Question 18

This era accelerated as early works developed as frameworks for curricula and advance practice guides began to be recognized as theory.

Answer 18

Theory Era

Question 19

In what year was a period of major developments in nursing theory that has been characterized as a transition from the preparadigm to the paradigm period in nursing

Answer 19

1980’s

Question 20

Who did the four global nursing concepts?

Answer 20

Jacquelin Fawcett

Question 21

This nursing metaparadigm served as an organizing structure for existing nursing frameworks and introduced a away of organizing individual theoretical works in a meaningful structure.

Answer 21

Four global nursing concept

Question 22

Classifying the nursing models as paradigms within metaparadigm concepts of ____, _______,_____,and ______, systematically united nursing theoretical works for the discipline

Answer 22

Person
Environment
Health
Nursing

Question 23

The accomplishments of normal science accompanied in this era as emphasis shifted to theory application in nursing practice, education, research, and administration.

Answer 23

Theory Utilization Era

Question 24

In this era, middle-range theory and the value of a nursing framework for thought and action in nursing practice was realized

Answer 24

Theory Utilization Era

Question 25

Year for Curriculum Era

Answer 25

1900-1940s

Question 26

Year for Research Era

Answer 26

1950-1970s

Question 27

Year for Graduate Education Era

Answer 27

1950-1970s

Question 28

Year for Theory Era

Answer 28

1980-1990s

Question 29

Year for Theory Utilization Era

Answer 29

21st century

Question 30

What are the purposes of nursing theory?

Answer 30

• it guides nursing practice and generates knowledge
• it helps to describe or explain nursing
• to differentiate nursing from other disciplines

Question 31

Nursing theoretical works represents the most comprehensive ideas and systematic knowledge about nursing; therefore theory is vital to both the ____ and the ____.

Answer 31

Discipline

Profession

Question 32

It refers to the specialized field of practice, which is founded upon the theoretical structure of the science or knowledge of that discipline and the accompanying practice abilities.

Answer 32

Profession

Question 33

____ is specific to academia and a branch of education, a department of learning or field of knowledge.

Answer 33

Discipline

Question 34

1. University baccalaureate programs proliferated, masters programs in nursing were developed, and the curricula began to be standardized through the accreditation process.
2. Attention to the importance of nursing conceptualizations for the research process and the role of a conceptual framework in the purpose and design of research production of science and nursing theoretical works also began to publish.
3. Works began to be recognize for their theoretical nature, such as Henderson, Nightingale and etc.

Answer 34

Significance of Theory for Nursing as A Discipline

Question 35

THE DISCIPLINE IS DEPENDENT UPON THEORY
Nursing Theory
- explain
- describes
- predicts
- prescribes

⬇️⬇️⬇️

Answer 35

Nursing Care

Question 36

Clearly, nursing is recognized as a ____ today

Answer 36

Profession

Question 37

Bixler and Bixler published a set of criteria tailored to nursing in the ___________ in 1959.

Answer 37

American Journal of Nursing

Question 38

Utilizes in its practice a well-defined and well-organized body of specialized knowledge that is on the intellectual level of the higher learning

Answer 38

Nursing as a Profession

Question 39

Constantly enlarges the body of knowledge it uses and improves its techniques of education and service by the use of the scientific method.

Answer 39

Nursing as a Profession

Question 40

Entrusts the education of its practitioners to institution of higher education.

Answer 40

Nursing as a Profession

Question 41

Applies its body of knowledge in practical services that are vital to human and social welfare.

Answer 41

Nursing as a Profession

Question 42

Functions autonomously in the formulation of professional policy and in the control of professional activity thereby

Answer 42

Nursing as a Profession

Question 43

Attracts individuals of intellectual and personal qualities who exalt service above personal gain and who recognizes their chosen occupation as a life work.

Answer 43

Nursing as a Profession

Question 44

Strives to compensate its practitioners by providing freedom of action, opportunity for continuous professional growth and economic security.

Answer 44

Nursing as a Profession