History And Philosophy Of Science

Question 1

_____ is logical, systematic, & coherent way to solve problems and answer questions.

Answer 1

Science

Question 2

____ is a collection of facts known in area and the process used to obtain that knowledge.

• pure or basic
• natural, human, or social
• applied or practical

Answer 2

Science

Question 3

______ studies the concepts that structure thought processes, foundations, and presumptions.

Answer 3

Philosophy

Question 4

_____ is an approach for thinking about the nature of people, the methods that should be used to create a scientific knowledge and the ethics involved

• nature of existence
• morality
• knowledge and reason
• human purpose

Answer 4

Philosophy

Question 5

_____ is a branch of philosophy that is concerned sith the nature and scope of knowledge.

Answer 5

Epistemology

Question 6

_____ is referred to as the ‘theory of knowledge ‘

Answer 6

Epistemology

Question 7

____ is the power of reason and power of sensory experience (Gale)

Answer 7

Epistemology

Question 8

_____ is the power of reason

Answer 8

Rationalism

Question 9

______ emphasizes the importance of a priori reasoning as the appropriate method for advancing knowledge.

Answer 9

Rationalist epistemology

Question 10

____ is the theory-then-research strategy (Reynolds)

Answer 10

Rationalism

Question 11

Here, Einstein made use of mathematical equations in developing his theories.

Answer 11

Rationalism

Question 12

____ is the power of sensory experience

Answer 12

Empiricism

Question 13

In _____, Francis Bacon believed that scientific knowledge was discovered through the generalization of observed facts in the natural world

Answer 13

Empiricism

Question 14

_____ is research-then-theory

Answer 14

Empiricism

Question 15

In ____, Skinner’s work focuses on collection of empirical data.

Answer 15

Empiricism

Question 16

In the early 20th century, philosophers focused on the analysis of _____, whereas scientists focused on _______.

Answer 16

Theory structure

Empirical research

Question 17

_____ is imposed on the mind by experience

Answer 17

Positivism

Question 18

_____ is the philosophy of science that information is derived from logical and mathematical treatments and reports of sensory experience is the exclusive source of all authoritative knowledge.

Answer 18

Positivism

Question 19

The logical positivist believed that, _____ and ______ would produce scientific knowledge.

Answer 19

Empirical research

Logical analysis

Question 20

Logical empiricist argued that theoretical propositions must be tested through _____ and _______

Answer 20

Observation

Experimentation

Question 21

In the late 20th century, the empiricists argue that for science to maintain its ____, data collection and analysis must be independent of a theory.

Answer 21

Objectivity

Question 22

What are the 3 different views of the relationship between theories and observation that was identified by Brown?

Answer 22

1. Scientists are merely passive observers or occurrences in the empirical world. Observable data are objective truth waiting to be discovered.
2. Theories structure what the scientists perceived in the empirical world.
3. Presupposed theories and observable data interact in the process of scientific investigation.