Introduction to NRSC Flashcards
schwann cells
cover nearly all PNS neurons, provide metabolic support and electrical insulation
–>helps form myelin (BUT not all PNS neurons are myelinated, but they still have schwann cells)
1/axon
Oligodendrocytes
myelinate SEVERAL axons in the CNS
astrocytes
support cells in the CNS
have feet that surround blood vessels to set up the BBB
help regulate ions
form scars
ependymal cells
line ventricles
microglia
phagocytic cells of the CNS
cephalic flexure
where the spinal cord and deep brain ends within the brain
marks a point of change of the rostral/caudal nomenclature
Diencephalon
located outside of the brainstem (superior and anterior to it)
composted of hypothalamus and thalamus
Wernickes area
formed by the supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus of the parietal lobe
language comprehension
primary somatosensory cortex
located in the parietal lobe
initial process of tactile and proprioceptive info
Primary auditory cortex
group of gyri located deep within the deep temporal lobe
conscious auditory processing
temporal lobe
higher order visual processing and learning/memory (temporal lobe)
primary visual cortex
located in the occipital lobe
limbic lobe
contains the cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus, located around the CC
primary functions are emotional responses and memory, drive related behavior (hydration, feeding)
anterior cerebral a. supplies blood to
anterior portion of the brain, esp longidutinal fissure
posterior cerebral a.
to the occipital lobe, and the temporal lobe
infarc would cause visual disturbance
middle cerebral a.
supplies blood to the lateral brain, parietal lobes
things that pass thru the BBB
Very small molecules
gases
lipid soluble substance
things with specific transporters (glucose, AAs0
boundaries of LV
roof=CC floor=thalamus lat walls=caudate nucleus roof of inf horn= tail of caudate floor of inf horn= hippocampus
boundaries of the 3V
lateral= diencephalon floor= optic chiasm, infundibulum and hypothalamus
boundaries of 4V
roof= cerebellum floor= pons and medulla
one median apertures
two lateral
CSF protective function
protects the brain by offsetting the weight by adding buoyancy
similar to extracellular fluid of the CNS
may have lymphatic function
pH influences respiratory center
Blood CSF barrier
made of choroid epithelium continuous with modified ependymal cells
capillaries of choroid plexus are fenestrated
Primary afferents
convey info into the CNS from periphery
cell bodies outside CNS in ganglia
NEVER decussate, ipsilateral
**divergent—>local reflex arch, Cx via thalamus, cerebellum
contralateral awareness
right side of the body decussate to the left Cx
lower motor neurons
info from muscles to the CNS
**final common pathway
cell body in the CNS
never decussate, ipsilateral
contralateral control
the left Cx controls the right side of the body
UMN’s
an neuron whose activity affects a LMN
located int he cerebral cx or brainstem
motor pathways decussate
think corticospinal tract
Cerebellar wiring
info from ipsilateral side
coordinates ipsilateral side
adjusts the rate, range, and force of motor activity
