Introduction to NRSC

Question 1

schwann cells

Answer 1

cover nearly all PNS neurons, provide metabolic support and electrical insulation
–>helps form myelin (BUT not all PNS neurons are myelinated, but they still have schwann cells)

1/axon

Question 2

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 2

myelinate SEVERAL axons in the CNS

Question 3

astrocytes

Answer 3

support cells in the CNS

have feet that surround blood vessels to set up the BBB

help regulate ions
form scars

Question 4

ependymal cells

Answer 4

line ventricles

Question 5

microglia

Answer 5

phagocytic cells of the CNS

Question 6

cephalic flexure

Answer 6

where the spinal cord and deep brain ends within the brain

marks a point of change of the rostral/caudal nomenclature

Question 7

Diencephalon

Answer 7

located outside of the brainstem (superior and anterior to it)
composted of hypothalamus and thalamus

Question 8

Wernickes area

Answer 8

formed by the supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus of the parietal lobe

language comprehension

Question 9

primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 9

located in the parietal lobe

initial process of tactile and proprioceptive info

Question 10

Primary auditory cortex

Answer 10

group of gyri located deep within the deep temporal lobe

conscious auditory processing

Question 11

temporal lobe

Answer 11

higher order visual processing and learning/memory (temporal lobe)

Question 12

primary visual cortex

Answer 12

located in the occipital lobe

Question 13

limbic lobe

Answer 13

contains the cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus, located around the CC

primary functions are emotional responses and memory, drive related behavior (hydration, feeding)

Question 14

anterior cerebral a. supplies blood to

Answer 14

anterior portion of the brain, esp longidutinal fissure

Question 15

posterior cerebral a.

Answer 15

to the occipital lobe, and the temporal lobe

infarc would cause visual disturbance

Question 16

middle cerebral a.

Answer 16

supplies blood to the lateral brain, parietal lobes

Question 17

things that pass thru the BBB

Answer 17

Very small molecules
gases
lipid soluble substance
things with specific transporters (glucose, AAs0

Question 18

boundaries of LV

Answer 18

roof=CC
floor=thalamus
lat walls=caudate nucleus 
roof of inf horn= tail of caudate 
floor of inf horn= hippocampus

Question 19

boundaries of the 3V

Answer 19

lateral= diencephalon 
floor= optic chiasm, infundibulum and hypothalamus

Question 20

boundaries of 4V

Answer 20

roof= cerebellum 
floor= pons and medulla 

one median apertures
two lateral

Question 21

CSF protective function

Answer 21

protects the brain by offsetting the weight by adding buoyancy

similar to extracellular fluid of the CNS
may have lymphatic function
pH influences respiratory center

Question 22

Blood CSF barrier

Answer 22

made of choroid epithelium continuous with modified ependymal cells

capillaries of choroid plexus are fenestrated

Question 23

Primary afferents

Answer 23

convey info into the CNS from periphery
cell bodies outside CNS in ganglia
NEVER decussate, ipsilateral

**divergent—>local reflex arch, Cx via thalamus, cerebellum

Question 24

contralateral awareness

Answer 24

right side of the body decussate to the left Cx

Question 25

lower motor neurons

Answer 25

info from muscles to the CNS
**final common pathway
cell body in the CNS
never decussate, ipsilateral

Question 26

contralateral control

Answer 26

the left Cx controls the right side of the body

Question 27

UMN’s

Answer 27

an neuron whose activity affects a LMN
located int he cerebral cx or brainstem

motor pathways decussate
think corticospinal tract

Question 28

Cerebellar wiring

Answer 28

info from ipsilateral side
coordinates ipsilateral side

adjusts the rate, range, and force of motor activity