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Neuro Exam 1 > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Pharyngeal arches

A

core of mesenchyme
neural crest will give rise to ct components
parxial mesoderm—>muscles

each has its own nerve and blood supply
6 total but 5th regresses

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2
Q

arch 1

A

trigeminal (V)
forms the face: bones(viscerocranium) , CT, dermis, muscles of mastication, digastric, MH
oropharyngeal membrane separates the pharynx and oral cavity

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3
Q

arch 2

A

facial (VII)

skeletal derivatives of temporal bones
muscles of facial expression
stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric, stapedius

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4
Q

arch 3

A

glossopharyngeal (IX)

greater horn and inf portion of hyoid
stylopharngeus

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5
Q

arch 4

A

vagus (X)

with the 6th arch, forms all laryngeal cartilages
muscles of pharynx, cricothyroid

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6
Q

arch 6

A

vagus via recurrent laryngeal (X)

fwith 4th arch, forms all laryngeal cartilages 
laryngeal muscles (-cricothyroid) and skeletal muscles of esophagus
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7
Q

Pouch 1

A

contributes to the formation of the middle ear and auditory tube

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8
Q

pouch 2

A

forms the stroma of palatine tonsil and tonsillar fossa

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9
Q

pouch 3

A

inferior parathyroid

ventral—>thymus

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10
Q

pouch 4

A

dorsal: suerior parathyroid glands
ventral: ultimobranchial body—> C cells

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11
Q

First cleft

A

formation of the external ear

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12
Q

Thyroid gland formation

A

formed from endoderm of the proximal pharynx
descends down the neck, remaining connected to the tongue via thyroglossal duct (pyramidal lobe)

parafollicular C cells are derived from the ultimobranchial body of the 4th pouch

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13
Q

tongue development

A

1st arch—> anterior 2/3 (GSA from V)
3rd arch—> posterior 1/3 (GSA from IX)
4th forms epiglottic region(GVA from X)

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14
Q

ectopic thyroid or PT tissue

A

remnants of thyroid tissue can remain along the course of migration (tongue, ant to hyoid, ant to thyroid)

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15
Q

lateral cervical cysts

A

aka branchial cysts
when the cervical sinus fails to regress ( second arch should overgrow the 3rd and 4th clefts)
causes external (anywhere along the LATERAL SCM) or internal fistulas

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16
Q

Thyroglossal cysts

A

remnant of thyroglossal duct

always located on or near the MIDLINE of the neck

17
Q

Neural crest disorders

A

all NCDs have a craniofacial defect
bc the NC of the 1st arch forms all of the bones of the face, which is where neural crest cell migrates

ex treacher collins, robin sequence, diGeorge anomaly

18
Q

venticular zone

A

thick pseudostratified epithelium call neuroepithelium gives rise to all neurons and glia of spinal cord (simple layer of ependymal cells in adults)

19
Q

Mantle zone

A

zone superficial to neuroepithelium that is composed of neuronal cell bodies

alar and basal plates

20
Q

alar plate

A

form sensory, dorsal horn

21
Q

basal plate

A

form motor, ventral horn

22
Q

marginal zone

A

outermost layer that is composed of nerve processes (axons and dendrites (white matter)

23
Q

telencephalon

A

cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia
Lumen of telencephalon creates the LV
**most superior (NOT cranial) portion

new cells migrate thru, youngest cells are superficial (via radial glial cells)

CN I

24
Q

diencephalon

A

forms the thalamus, hypothalamus, optic vesicles,pineal gland, pituitary gland (epithalamus) and cavity form 3V
*cranial most portion of the neural tube, eventually overgrown by cortex

CN II

25
Q

mesencephalon

A

forms the midbrain and cerebral aqueduct

associated with CN III and IV

26
Q

metencephalon

A

forms the pons AND cerebellum from the marginal layer
alar—>sensory
basal—>motor
V, VI, VII, VIII

27
Q

myelencephalon

A

forms the medulla and 4V: most caudal
pontine flexure causes alar plate to move laterally
basal plate forms distinct nuclei (form CN VIII, IX, X, XII)

28
Q

cerebellar development

A

from alar plates of the metencephalon—>cerebellar plate

Gray matter forms externally with white matter forms internally, with deeper nuclei located within the white matter

29
Q

meroencephays

A

anencephaly is a failure of the brain to form, failure of the cephalic portion of the neural tube to form

**brainstem still forms, so the fetus will survive for a while, just no higher structures

30
Q

encephalocele

A

skull (at the lambda or foramen magnum) does not seal, causing the CNS to protrude thru

meningocele, meningoencephalocele, or meningohydroencephalocele (brain, meninges, and ventricles)

31
Q

congential hydrocephalus

A

increased CSF within the ventricles resulting from imbalance b/w production and absorption of CSF- often obstruction at foramen of monroe or aqueduct

skull expands, thinning bones of calvaria

32
Q

Arnold Chiari syndrome type I

A

skull defect (posterior cranial fossa is too small)

cerebellum herniates thru the foramen magnum

often asymptomatic, spina bifida cysitica

Neuro Exam 1 (13 decks)

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