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Neurology > Introduction To Neurology > Flashcards

Introduction To Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a stroke?

A

A cerebrovascular event

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2
Q

What is neurology?

A

Management of diseases of the nervous system

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3
Q

Where does the word neurology come from?

A

Greek neuron = nerve

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4
Q

Neurology is a multidisciplinary approach with emphasis on what?

A

Diagnosis, counselling and prognosis, pharmacological management

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5
Q

What neurological diseases commonly impair communication?

A

• Myasthenia Gravis
• Stroke
• Dementia
• MND
• MS
• PD
• Huntingdon’s Disease

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6
Q

What are the 5 sections of the brain?

A 
Frontal 
Parietal 
Temporal 
Occipital 
Cerebellum
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7
Q

Where does the CNS begin and end?

A

Begins in the brain

Ends in the Spinal Cord

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8
Q

What does the brain =?

A

Encephalon

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9
Q

What does the cerebrum contain?

A

Cerebral hemispheres
Basal ganglia
Limbic lobe

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10
Q

What connects the cerebral hemispheres?

A

Corpus callosum

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11
Q

What are the stations in the brain?c

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain stem

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12
Q

What are efferent spinal nerves?

A

Nerve fibres that transmit nerve impulses away from CNS

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13
Q

What do mother fibres do?

A

go to muscles and make them contract

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14
Q

What are afferent spinal nerves?

A

nerve fibres that carry information to CNS including sensations of touch, pain, temperature etc.

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15
Q

What do large lesions impair?

A

Motor and sensory functions

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16
Q

What are the twelve cranial nerves?

A 
Olfactory 
Optic 
Oculomotor 
Trochlear
Trigeminal 
Abducens 
Facial 
Vestibulocochlear 
Glossopharyngeal 
Vagus 
Accessory 
Hypoglossal
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17
Q

What cranial nerves are important for speech?

A 
Trigeminal 
Facial 
Vestibulocochlear 
Glossopharyngeal 
Vagus 
Spinal accessory 
Hypoglossal
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18
Q

Is trigeminal nerve motor or sensory?

A

Both

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19
Q

What is the anatomy of the trigeminal nerve?

A

roots attached to pons. Sensory nerves branch to forehead, eyes, nose, maxilla, cheeks, palate, tongue, teeth, lips

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20
Q

What is the function of the trigeminal nerve?

A

responsible for mastication and sensation to face, teeth, gums, parts of tongue. Flattens and tenses soft palate

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21
Q

How do you test the trigeminal nerve?

A

Jaw movements, biting hard, push jaw against hand

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22
Q

Is the facial nerve motor or sensory?

A

Both

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23
Q

What is the anatomy of the facial nerve?

A

taste fibres of tongue and palate. Motor passes through ear (stapes) . Lower and upper face.

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24
Q

What is the function of the facial nerve?

A

movements of facial expression, wrinkling forehead, closing eyes/lips. Pulls larynx up and down. Some involvement in taste.

25
Q

How do you test the facial nerve?

A

Wrinkle forehead, close eyes tight, mouth movements

26
Q

Is the vestibulocochlear nerve motor or sensory?

A

Sensory

27
Q

What is the anatomy of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

located in cochlear

28
Q

What is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

takes information from inner ear to nervous system

29
Q

How do you test the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

usually audiologist, may notice dizzyness

30
Q

Is the glossopharyngeal nerve motor or sensory?

A

Both

31
Q

What is the anatomy of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

from both hemispheres
to pharynx & larynx

32
Q

What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

raises pharynx & larynx (swallowing), triggers swallowing response (& gag).

33
Q

How do you test the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

test pharyngeal gag (though hard to reach without touching anything else)

34
Q

What is the anatomy of the vagus nerve?

A

branches to larynx & pharynx

35
Q

What is the function of the vagus nerve?

A

heart, moves instrinsic muscles of larynx. Pain from larynx, pharynx, ear canal

36
Q

How do you test the vagus nerve?

A

Maximum phonation time. Movement of pharynx (not gag though)

37
Q

Is the accessory nerve motor or sensory?

A

Motor

38
Q

What is the anatomy of the accessory nerve?

A

connects to uvular and neck

39
Q

What is the function of the accessory nerve?

A

move head – rotate, thrust head (sternocleidomastoid muscle)

40
Q

How do you test the accessory nerve?

A

look at sternocleidomastoid, get client to move head

41
Q

Is the hypoglossal nerve motor or sensory?

A

Motor

42
Q

What is the anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

runs under tongue, branches to
larynx

43
Q

What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

tongue movement, contributes to phonation

44
Q

How do you test the hypoglossal nerve?

A

look at tongue, protrude tongue

45
Q

What does the olfactory nerve do?

A

Smell

46
Q

What does the optic nerve do?

A

Vision, afferent pathway

47
Q

What does the oculomotor, trochlear and abducens do?

A

Eye movements

48
Q

What does trigeminal do?

A

Facial sensation and muscles of mastication

49
Q

What does the facial nerve do?

A

Facial movement and taste

50
Q

What does the vestibulocochlear nerve do?

A

Hearing and balance

51
Q

What does the glossopharyngeal nerve do?

A

Swallow, taste and sensation in pharynx

52
Q

What does the vagus nerve do?

A

Swallow and voice

53
Q

What does the accessory nerve do?

A

Supplies sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

54
Q

What does the hypoglossal nerve do?

A

Motor innervation to tongue

55
Q

What are Diagnostic Imagine Techniques?

A

 Blood tests
 Computerised Tomography (CT)
 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
 Electro-Encephalography (EEG)
 Electromyography (EMG)
 Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS)
 Lumbar Puncture

56
Q

What does EMG do?

A

 Records electrical activity of motor units
 Evaluates muscle disorders, neuromuscular
junction disorders

57
Q

What does NCS do?

A

Measures
 responses in sensory nerves after stimulation
 muscle action potential after motor nerve stimulation
 Evaluates peripheral nerve damage

58
Q

What is lumbar puncture useful in?

A

Useful in the diagnosis of infective and inflammatory conditions e.g. MS and meningitis

Neurology (8 decks)

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