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Introduction To Neurology Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

What is a stroke?

A

A cerebrovascular event

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2
Q

What is neurology?

A

Management of diseases of the nervous system

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3
Q

Where does the word neurology come from?

A

Greek neuron = nerve

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4
Q

Neurology is a multidisciplinary approach with emphasis on what?

A

Diagnosis, counselling and prognosis, pharmacological management

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5
Q

What neurological diseases commonly impair communication?

A

• Myasthenia Gravis
• Stroke
• Dementia
• MND
• MS
• PD
• Huntingdon’s Disease

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6
Q

What are the 5 sections of the brain?

A 
Frontal 
Parietal 
Temporal 
Occipital 
Cerebellum
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7
Q

Where does the CNS begin and end?

A

Begins in the brain

Ends in the Spinal Cord

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8
Q

What does the brain =?

A

Encephalon

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9
Q

What does the cerebrum contain?

A

Cerebral hemispheres
Basal ganglia
Limbic lobe

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10
Q

What connects the cerebral hemispheres?

A

Corpus callosum

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11
Q

What are the stations in the brain?c

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain stem

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12
Q

What are efferent spinal nerves?

A

Nerve fibres that transmit nerve impulses away from CNS

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13
Q

What do mother fibres do?

A

go to muscles and make them contract

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14
Q

What are afferent spinal nerves?

A

nerve fibres that carry information to CNS including sensations of touch, pain, temperature etc.

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15
Q

What do large lesions impair?

A

Motor and sensory functions

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16
Q

What are the twelve cranial nerves?

A 
Olfactory 
Optic 
Oculomotor 
Trochlear
Trigeminal 
Abducens 
Facial 
Vestibulocochlear 
Glossopharyngeal 
Vagus 
Accessory 
Hypoglossal
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17
Q

What cranial nerves are important for speech?

A 
Trigeminal 
Facial 
Vestibulocochlear 
Glossopharyngeal 
Vagus 
Spinal accessory 
Hypoglossal
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18
Q

Is trigeminal nerve motor or sensory?

A

Both

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19
Q

What is the anatomy of the trigeminal nerve?

A

roots attached to pons. Sensory nerves branch to forehead, eyes, nose, maxilla, cheeks, palate, tongue, teeth, lips

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20
Q

What is the function of the trigeminal nerve?

A

responsible for mastication and sensation to face, teeth, gums, parts of tongue. Flattens and tenses soft palate

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21
Q

How do you test the trigeminal nerve?

A

Jaw movements, biting hard, push jaw against hand

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22
Q

Is the facial nerve motor or sensory?

A

Both

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23
Q

What is the anatomy of the facial nerve?

A

taste fibres of tongue and palate. Motor passes through ear (stapes) . Lower and upper face.

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24
Q

What is the function of the facial nerve?

Study These Flashcards
A

movements of facial expression, wrinkling forehead, closing eyes/lips. Pulls larynx up and down. Some involvement in taste.

25
How do you test the facial nerve?
Wrinkle forehead, close eyes tight, mouth movements
26
Is the vestibulocochlear nerve motor or sensory?
Sensory
27
What is the anatomy of the vestibulocochlear nerve?
located in cochlear
28
What is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve?
takes information from inner ear to nervous system
29
How do you test the vestibulocochlear nerve?
usually audiologist, may notice dizzyness
30
Is the glossopharyngeal nerve motor or sensory?
Both
31
What is the anatomy of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
from both hemispheres to pharynx & larynx
32
What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
raises pharynx & larynx (swallowing), triggers swallowing response (& gag).
33
How do you test the glossopharyngeal nerve?
test pharyngeal gag (though hard to reach without touching anything else)
34
What is the anatomy of the vagus nerve?
branches to larynx & pharynx
35
What is the function of the vagus nerve?
heart, moves instrinsic muscles of larynx. Pain from larynx, pharynx, ear canal
36
How do you test the vagus nerve?
Maximum phonation time. Movement of pharynx (not gag though)
37
Is the accessory nerve motor or sensory?
Motor
38
What is the anatomy of the accessory nerve?
connects to uvular and neck
39
What is the function of the accessory nerve?
move head – rotate, thrust head (sternocleidomastoid muscle)
40
How do you test the accessory nerve?
look at sternocleidomastoid, get client to move head
41
Is the hypoglossal nerve motor or sensory?
Motor
42
What is the anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve?
runs under tongue, branches to larynx
43
What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve?
tongue movement, contributes to phonation
44
How do you test the hypoglossal nerve?
look at tongue, protrude tongue
45
What does the olfactory nerve do?
Smell
46
What does the optic nerve do?
Vision, afferent pathway
47
What does the oculomotor, trochlear and abducens do?
Eye movements
48
What does trigeminal do?
Facial sensation and muscles of mastication
49
What does the facial nerve do?
Facial movement and taste
50
What does the vestibulocochlear nerve do?
Hearing and balance
51
What does the glossopharyngeal nerve do?
Swallow, taste and sensation in pharynx
52
What does the vagus nerve do?
Swallow and voice
53
What does the accessory nerve do?
Supplies sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
54
What does the hypoglossal nerve do?
Motor innervation to tongue
55
What are Diagnostic Imagine Techniques?
 Blood tests  Computerised Tomography (CT)  Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)  Electro-Encephalography (EEG)  Electromyography (EMG)  Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS)  Lumbar Puncture
56
What does EMG do?
 Records electrical activity of motor units  Evaluates muscle disorders, neuromuscular junction disorders
57
What does NCS do?
Measures  responses in sensory nerves after stimulation  muscle action potential after motor nerve stimulation  Evaluates peripheral nerve damage
58
What is lumbar puncture useful in?
Useful in the diagnosis of infective and inflammatory conditions e.g. MS and meningitis

Neurology (8 decks)

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