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The Bits and Bytes of Computer Networking > Introduction to Networking > Flashcards

Introduction to Networking Flashcards

1
Q

The smallest representation of data that a computer can understand

A

BIT

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2
Q

A protocol by which routers share data with each other

A

BORDER GATEWAY PROTOCOL (BGP)

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3
Q

A type of Ethernet transmission, sent to every single device on a LAN

A

BROADCAST

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4
Q

A special destination used by an Ethernet broadcast composed by all Fs

A

BROADCAST ADDRESS

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5
Q

Groups of cables that are made with the same material. Most network cables used today can be split into two categories, copper and fiber

A

CABLE CATEGORIES

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6
Q

Insulated wires that connect different devices to each other allowing data to be transmitted over them

A

CABLES

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7
Q

Used to determine when the communications channels are clear and when the device is free to transmit data

A

Carrier-Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)

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8
Q

A device that receives data from a server

A

CLIENT

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9
Q

A network segment where only one device can communicate at a time

A

COLLISION DOMAIN

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10
Q

The full scope of how computers communicate with each other

A

COMPUTER NETWORKING

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11
Q

These categories have different physical characteristics like the number of twists in the pair of copper wires. These are defined as names like catergory (or cat) 5, 5e, or 6 and how quickly data can be sent across them and how resistant they are to outside interference are all related to the way the twisted pairs inside are arranged

A

COPPER CABLE CATEGORIES

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12
Q

When an electrical pulse on one wire is accidentally detected on another wire

A

CROSSTALK

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13
Q

A mathematical transformation that uses polynomial division to create a number that represents a larger set of data. It is an important concept for data integrity and is used all over computing, not just network transmission

A

CYCLICAL REDUNDANCY CHECK (CRC)

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14
Q

An all-encompassing term that represents any single set of binary data being sent across a network link

A

DATA PACKET

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15
Q

The layer in which the first protocols are introduced. This layer is responsible for defining a common way to interpreting signals, so network devices can communicate

A

DATALINK LAYER

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16
Q

The hardware address of the intended recipient that immediately follows the start frame delimiter

A

DESTINATION MAC ADDRESS

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17
Q

A form of communication where information can flow in both directions across a cable

A

DUPLEX COMMUNICATION

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18
Q

The protocol most widely used to send data across individual links

A

ETHERNET

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19
Q

A highly structured collection of information presented in a specific order

A

ETHERNET FRAME

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20
Q

It follows the Source MAC Address in a dataframe. It’s 16 bits long and used to describe the protocol of the contents of the frame

A

ETHERTYPE FIELD

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21
Q

Cables that contain individual optical fibers which are tiny tubes made of glass about the width of a human hair. Unlike copper, which used electrical voltages, these cables use pulses of light to represent the ones and zeros of the underlying data

A

FIBER CABLE

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22
Q

A model used to explain how network devices communicate. This model has five layers that stack on top of each other: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, and Application

A

FIVE LAYER MODEL

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23
Q

A 4-byte or 32-bit number that represents a checksum value for the entire frame

A

FRAME CHECK SEQUENCE

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24
Q

The capacity of devices on either side of a networking link to communicate with each other at the exact same time

A

FULL DUPLEX

25
Q

It means that, while communication capacity is possible in each direction, only one device can be communicating at a time

A

HALF-DUPLEX

26
Q

A way to represent numbers using a numerical base of 16

A

HEXADECIMAL

27
Q

A physical layer device that broadcasts data to every computer connected to it

A

HUB

28
Q

The most common protocol used in the network layer

A

INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP)

29
Q

A company that provides a consumer an internet connection

A

INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER (ISP)

30
Q

A collection of networks connected together through routers - the most famous of these being the Internet

A

INTERNETWORK

31
Q

Modulation used for computer networks

A

LINE CODING

32
Q

A single network in which multiple devices are connected

A

LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)

33
Q

A globally unique identifier attached to an individual network interface. A 48-bit number normal represented by six groupings of two hexadecimal numbers

A

MAC (MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL) ADDRESS

34
Q

A way of varying the voltage of a constant electrical charge moving across a standard copper network cable

A

MODULATION

35
Q

When the least significant bit in the first octet of a destination address is set to one. It will similarly set to all devices on the local network signal, and will be accepted or discarded by each device depending on criteria aside from their own hardware MAC address

A

MULTICAST FRAME

36
Q

The layer that allows different networks to communicate with each other through devices known as routers. It is responsible for getting data delivered across a collection of networks

A

NETWORK LAYER

37
Q

The physical connector to be able to connect a device to the network. This may be attached directly to a device on a computer network, or could also be located on a wall or on a patch panel

A

NETWORK PORT

38
Q

A level 2/data link device that can connect to many devices so they can communicate. It can inspect the contents of the ethernet protocol data being sent around the network, determine which system the data is intended for and then only send that data to that one system.

A

NETWORK SWITCH

39
Q

Any device connected to a network. On most networks, each node will typically act as a server or a client

A

NODE

40
Q

Any number that can be represented by 8 bits

A

OCTET

41
Q

The first three octets of a MAC address

A

ORIGINALLY UNIQUE IDENTIFIER (OUI)

42
Q

A model used to define how network devices communicate. This model has seven layers that stack on top of each other: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application

A

OSI MODEL

43
Q

A device containing many physical network ports

A

PATCH PANEL

44
Q

The actual data being transported, which is everything that isn’t a header

A

PAYLOAD

45
Q

It represents the physical devices that interconnect computers

A

PHYSICAL LAYER

46
Q

the first part of an Ethernet frame, it is 8 bytes or 64 bits long and can itself be split into two sections

A

PREAMBLE

47
Q

A defined set of standards that computers must follow in order to communicate properly

A

PROTOCOL

48
Q

A device that knows how to forward data between independent networks

A

ROUTER

49
Q

A device that provides data to another device, a client, that is requesting that data

A

SERVER

50
Q

A form of data communication that only goes in one direction across a cable

A

SIMPLEX COMMUNICATION

51
Q

The hardware address of the device that sent the ethernet frame or data packet. In the data packet, it follows the destination MAC address

A

SOURCE MAC ADDRESS

52
Q

The last byte in the preamble, that signals to a receiving device that the preamble is over and that the actual frame contents will now follow

A

START FRAME DELIMITER (SFD)

53
Q

The data transfer protocol most commonly used in the fourth layer. The protocol requires an established connection between the client and server

A

TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL (TCP)

54
Q

The network layer that sorts out which client and server programs are supposed to get the data

A

TRANSPORT LAYER

55
Q

The most common type of cabling used for connecting computing devices. It features pairs of copper wires that are twisted together.

A

TWISTED PAIR CABLE

56
Q

A transmission that’s always meant for just one receiving address

A

UNICAST TRANSMISSION

57
Q

A transfer protocol that does not rely on connections. This protocol does not support the concept of an acknowledgement. Just set a destination port and send the data packet

A

USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOL (UDP)

58
Q

A technique that lets you have multiple logical LANs operating on the same physical equipment

A

VIRTUAL LAN (VLAN)

59
Q

A piece of data that indicates what the frame itself is. in a data packet, it is followed by the EtherType

A

VLAN HEADER

The Bits and Bytes of Computer Networking (6 decks)

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