Introduction to Networking Flashcards
The smallest representation of data that a computer can understand
BIT
A protocol by which routers share data with each other
BORDER GATEWAY PROTOCOL (BGP)
A type of Ethernet transmission, sent to every single device on a LAN
BROADCAST
A special destination used by an Ethernet broadcast composed by all Fs
BROADCAST ADDRESS
Groups of cables that are made with the same material. Most network cables used today can be split into two categories, copper and fiber
CABLE CATEGORIES
Insulated wires that connect different devices to each other allowing data to be transmitted over them
CABLES
Used to determine when the communications channels are clear and when the device is free to transmit data
Carrier-Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)
A device that receives data from a server
CLIENT
A network segment where only one device can communicate at a time
COLLISION DOMAIN
The full scope of how computers communicate with each other
COMPUTER NETWORKING
These categories have different physical characteristics like the number of twists in the pair of copper wires. These are defined as names like catergory (or cat) 5, 5e, or 6 and how quickly data can be sent across them and how resistant they are to outside interference are all related to the way the twisted pairs inside are arranged
COPPER CABLE CATEGORIES
When an electrical pulse on one wire is accidentally detected on another wire
CROSSTALK
A mathematical transformation that uses polynomial division to create a number that represents a larger set of data. It is an important concept for data integrity and is used all over computing, not just network transmission
CYCLICAL REDUNDANCY CHECK (CRC)
An all-encompassing term that represents any single set of binary data being sent across a network link
DATA PACKET
The layer in which the first protocols are introduced. This layer is responsible for defining a common way to interpreting signals, so network devices can communicate
DATALINK LAYER
The hardware address of the intended recipient that immediately follows the start frame delimiter
DESTINATION MAC ADDRESS
A form of communication where information can flow in both directions across a cable
DUPLEX COMMUNICATION
The protocol most widely used to send data across individual links
ETHERNET
A highly structured collection of information presented in a specific order
ETHERNET FRAME
It follows the Source MAC Address in a dataframe. It’s 16 bits long and used to describe the protocol of the contents of the frame
ETHERTYPE FIELD
Cables that contain individual optical fibers which are tiny tubes made of glass about the width of a human hair. Unlike copper, which used electrical voltages, these cables use pulses of light to represent the ones and zeros of the underlying data
FIBER CABLE
A model used to explain how network devices communicate. This model has five layers that stack on top of each other: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, and Application
FIVE LAYER MODEL
A 4-byte or 32-bit number that represents a checksum value for the entire frame
FRAME CHECK SEQUENCE
The capacity of devices on either side of a networking link to communicate with each other at the exact same time
FULL DUPLEX
It means that, while communication capacity is possible in each direction, only one device can be communicating at a time
HALF-DUPLEX
A way to represent numbers using a numerical base of 16
HEXADECIMAL
A physical layer device that broadcasts data to every computer connected to it
HUB
The most common protocol used in the network layer
INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP)
A company that provides a consumer an internet connection
INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER (ISP)
A collection of networks connected together through routers - the most famous of these being the Internet
INTERNETWORK
Modulation used for computer networks
LINE CODING
A single network in which multiple devices are connected
LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
A globally unique identifier attached to an individual network interface. A 48-bit number normal represented by six groupings of two hexadecimal numbers
MAC (MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL) ADDRESS
A way of varying the voltage of a constant electrical charge moving across a standard copper network cable
MODULATION
When the least significant bit in the first octet of a destination address is set to one. It will similarly set to all devices on the local network signal, and will be accepted or discarded by each device depending on criteria aside from their own hardware MAC address
MULTICAST FRAME
The layer that allows different networks to communicate with each other through devices known as routers. It is responsible for getting data delivered across a collection of networks
NETWORK LAYER
The physical connector to be able to connect a device to the network. This may be attached directly to a device on a computer network, or could also be located on a wall or on a patch panel
NETWORK PORT
A level 2/data link device that can connect to many devices so they can communicate. It can inspect the contents of the ethernet protocol data being sent around the network, determine which system the data is intended for and then only send that data to that one system.
NETWORK SWITCH
Any device connected to a network. On most networks, each node will typically act as a server or a client
NODE
Any number that can be represented by 8 bits
OCTET
The first three octets of a MAC address
ORIGINALLY UNIQUE IDENTIFIER (OUI)
A model used to define how network devices communicate. This model has seven layers that stack on top of each other: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application
OSI MODEL
A device containing many physical network ports
PATCH PANEL
The actual data being transported, which is everything that isn’t a header
PAYLOAD
It represents the physical devices that interconnect computers
PHYSICAL LAYER
the first part of an Ethernet frame, it is 8 bytes or 64 bits long and can itself be split into two sections
PREAMBLE
A defined set of standards that computers must follow in order to communicate properly
PROTOCOL
A device that knows how to forward data between independent networks
ROUTER
A device that provides data to another device, a client, that is requesting that data
SERVER
A form of data communication that only goes in one direction across a cable
SIMPLEX COMMUNICATION
The hardware address of the device that sent the ethernet frame or data packet. In the data packet, it follows the destination MAC address
SOURCE MAC ADDRESS
The last byte in the preamble, that signals to a receiving device that the preamble is over and that the actual frame contents will now follow
START FRAME DELIMITER (SFD)
The data transfer protocol most commonly used in the fourth layer. The protocol requires an established connection between the client and server
TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL (TCP)
The network layer that sorts out which client and server programs are supposed to get the data
TRANSPORT LAYER
The most common type of cabling used for connecting computing devices. It features pairs of copper wires that are twisted together.
TWISTED PAIR CABLE
A transmission that’s always meant for just one receiving address
UNICAST TRANSMISSION
A transfer protocol that does not rely on connections. This protocol does not support the concept of an acknowledgement. Just set a destination port and send the data packet
USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOL (UDP)
A technique that lets you have multiple logical LANs operating on the same physical equipment
VIRTUAL LAN (VLAN)
A piece of data that indicates what the frame itself is. in a data packet, it is followed by the EtherType
VLAN HEADER
