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MD2001 Week 6 > Introduction to Nervous System > Flashcards

Introduction to Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different parts of the CNS?

A

Spinal cord

Brain stem

Cerebellum

Cerebrum

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2
Q

What are the two parts of the brain stem?

A

Medulla

Pons

Midbrain

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3
Q

What are the two parts of the cerebrum?

A

Telencephalon

Diencephalon

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4
Q

What is the encephalon made from?

A

Brain stem

Cerebellum

Cerebrum

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5
Q

What cells support the neurons?

A

Glial

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6
Q

What glial cells are found in the PNS?

A

Satellite cells

Schwann cells

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7
Q

What glial cells are found in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

Astrocytes

Microglia

Ependymal

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8
Q

Function of astrocytes

A

Maintaining blood brain barrier

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9
Q

Function of microglia

A

Macrophages of CNS

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10
Q

Function of ependymal cells

A

Produce cerebral spinal fluid

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11
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

Collection of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS

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12
Q

What is gray matter?

A

Unmyelinated

Where neurons synapse

Decision making

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13
Q

What is found in gray matter?

A

Cell bodies of neurons

Neuroglia

Unmyelinated neurites

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14
Q

What is white matter?

A

Myelinated neurons

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15
Q

What do sensory neurons do?

A

Take sensory information through the afferent to the CNS

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16
Q

What do motor neurons do?

A

Take efferent information to muscles/tissues

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17
Q

What does the somatic NS involve?

A

Innervation of skeletal muscle

Voluntary

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18
Q

What does the autonomic NS involve?

A

Innervation of the cardiac and smooth muscles, glands

Important for internal homeostasis

Involuntary

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19
Q

What is the ANS split into?

A

SNS

PSNS

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20
Q

Where does the SNS come from?

A

Thoracolumbar region

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21
Q

Where does the PSNS come from?

A

Craniosacral

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22
Q

Where does SNS nerves exit the CNS?

A

Preganglionic sympathetic neurons are a lateral horn of T1-L2 spinal cord segments

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23
Q

Where does PSNS exit the CNS?

A

Preganglionic PSNS neurons arise from brain stem and from S2-S4

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24
Q

Describe the 2 neuron chain in the SNS

A

Short pre-synaptic fibre

Ganglion

Long post-synaptic fibres

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25
Q

Describe the 2 neuron chain in the PSNS

A

Long pre-synaptic fibres

Ganglion

Short post-synaptic fibres

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26
Q

What neurotransmitters are used in the SNS and PSNS?

A

SNS- ACh and norepinephrine

PSNS- ACh

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27
Q

What are the meninges?

A

3 layers that cover the CNS

28
Q

What are the three layers of the meninges?

A

Dura mater

Arachnoid mater

Pia mater

29
Q

What are the two layers of dura mater?

A

Meningeal and outer periosteal layer

30
Q

When are the two layers of the dura not opposed?

A

In dural sinuses

31
Q

What does the inward septae of dura?

A

Secure the brain to the skull

Dampen movement of the brain in the cranial cavity

Divide the cranial cavity into freely communicating compartments

32
Q

Describe arachnoid mater

A

Adhered closely to dura

Web-like in appearance

33
Q

Describe pia mater

A

Deepest layer

In direct contact with CNS tissue

Enters every sulci

Highly vascular

34
Q

What is the epidural space?

A

Space between dura and bone

35
Q

What are the three spaces of the meninges?

A

Epidural

Sub dura

Sub arachnoid

36
Q

What are cerebral ventricles?

A

Interconnected spaces filled with CSF

37
Q

What are the 4 cerebral ventricles?

A

Lateral ventricle- cerebral hemisphere

3rd ventricle- diencephalon

4th ventricle- brain stem

Central canal- spinal cord

38
Q

Where is CSF produced?

A

Choroid plexus

39
Q

How is CSF drained?

A

Through arachnoid granulations into dural venous sinuses

40
Q

What are the bumps and dips called in the brain?

A

Gyrus

Sulcus

41
Q

What divides the brain into hemispheres?

A

Median longitudinal fissure

42
Q

What does each hemisphere contain?

A

Cerebral cortex

Cerebral white matter

Nuclei

43
Q

What are the different lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe

Temporal lobe

Limbic lobe

Insula

44
Q

Function of frontal lobe

A

High level decision making

Motor control

45
Q

Function of parietal lobe

A

Sensory

46
Q

Function of occipital lobe

A

Vision

47
Q

Function of temporal lobe

A

Hearing

48
Q

What areas of the cerebrum are designed for motor function?

A

Primary motor and premotor areas in frontal lobe

49
Q

What areas of the cerebrum are designed for sensory function?

A

Primary somatosensory in parietal lobe

50
Q

What areas of the cerebrum are designed for vision function

A

Primary visual and visual association areas in occipital lobe

51
Q

What areas of the cerebrum are designed for auditory function

A

Temporal lobe

52
Q

What is the left hemisphere specialised in?

A

Language and math skills

53
Q

What is the right hemisphere specialised in?

A

Visual-spatial skills and creativity

54
Q

Wernicke’s area’s function

A

Interpreting words

55
Q

Boca’s areas function?

A

Making words

56
Q

What does the diencephalon contain?

A

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

57
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A

Major relay station for;

Sensory impulses ascending to sensory cortex

Inputs from subcortical motor nuclei and cerebellum travelling to the cerebral motor cortex

58
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

Autonomic control

Endocrine control

Sexual behaviour

Body temperature

Regulation of thirst

59
Q

What is the function of the pons?

A

Conduction area

60
Q

What happens in the medulla?

A

Pyramidal decussation- where motor pathways from the brain cross

61
Q

What are the functions of the medulla?

A

Regulate respiratory rhythm, heart rate and blood pressure

Regulate cough, sneeze, swallowing and vomiting

62
Q

What connects the cerebellum and the brain stem?

A

Cerebellar peduncles

63
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Processes and interprets impulses from motor cortex and sensory pathways and coordinates motor activity

64
Q

Where does the spinal cord run from?

A

Foramen magnum to L1/L2

65
Q

Why is the spinal cord shorter than the vertebral column?

A

Vertebral column grows faster

MD2001 Week 6 (7 decks)

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