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Microbiology > Introduction To Mircobiology > Flashcards

Introduction To Mircobiology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How does microbiology integrate into my course?

A

I will use microbiology in FDS202 - food microbiology, and FDS308, Food Technology learning about fermentation processes and aseptic techniques - food production, food preservation, and quality control of foods

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2
Q

What are some of the ways that microbes affect our lives?

A

SME are pathogenic - disease causing
Some decompose waster like organic or fix nitrogen - carbon and nitrogen recycling
Photosynthesis - making oxygen for other organisms
Industrial chemical
Fermentation foods and products
And make biotechnology products - human insulin, vaccines

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3
Q

What is the correct taxonomy for microorganisms?

A

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species.
The first name begins with a capital and is a genus. The second name is the species/ specific epithet and begins with a lower case letter.
The name is given in 2 parts - binomial and together they make the scientific name. It is always italicised

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4
Q

What are the 7 groups of microorganisms?

A 
Algae 
Archaea 
Animal parasites 
Bacteria
Fungi
Protozoa
Viruses
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5
Q

List the characteristics of bacteria.

A
  1. Are prokaryotes
  2. Have peptidoglycan walls
  3. Reproduce by binary fission
  4. Energy - use organic chemical or photosynthesis
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6
Q

List the characteristics of archaea.

A
  1. Are prokaryotes
  2. Single celled
  3. Have pseudomurein cell walls
  4. Live in extreme environments
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7
Q

What are the 3 main types of archaea?

A

Methanogens - produce methane gas

  1. Extreme halophiles - high salt environments
  2. Extreme thermophiles - love high temperature
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8
Q

List the characteristics of fungi.

A
  1. Eukaryotes
  2. Chitin cell walls
  3. Use organic chemicals for energy
  4. Moulds and mushrooms and multicellular, composed of filaments called hyphae
  5. Most multicellular but yeasts are unicellular
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9
Q

List the characteristics of Protozoa.

A
  1. Eukaryotes
  2. Absorb or ingest organic chemicals
  3. Maybe motile via pseudopods, cilia or flagella
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10
Q

List the characteristics for algae.

A
  1. Eukaryotes
  2. Cellulose cell walls
  3. Use photosynthesis for energy
  4. Produce molecular oxygen and organic compounds
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11
Q

List the characteristics of multicellular animal parasites.

A
  1. Eukaryotes
  2. Multicellular animals
  3. Parasitic flatworms and rounds worms are called helminths
  4. Microscopic stages in lifecycle
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12
Q

Name the characteristics of viruses.

A
  1. Acellular
  2. Consist of DNA and RNA - not both
  3. Core is surrounded by a protein coat
  4. Coat may be enclosed in a lipid envelope
  5. Viruses replicated only when they are in a living host cell
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13
Q

List the 3 domains of life.

A 
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya 
Introduced by Carl's Woese in 1978
Separate via ribosomal RNA sequence and their genomic sequence
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14
Q

Which group of microbes are prokaryotes?

A

Bacteria and archaea

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15
Q

Which groups of microbes and eukaryotes?

A

Multicellular worms , fungi, protozoans, algae

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16
Q

What is the importance of Robert Hooke?

A

1665 - used a crude microscope to view a slice of cork, coined the term cells. Start of cell theory
That all living things are composed of cells

17
Q

What is the importance of Anton Van Leeuwenhoek?

A

1673 - observed the first microbes
Made a simple microscope to look at teeth scraping, faeces and pond water
First to see bacteria and Protozoa which he called animalcules

18
Q

Spontaneous generation is?

A

The hypothesis that living organisms arise from non living matter. A vital force forms life

19
Q

What is biogenesis?

A

The hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life

20
Q

What is the importance of Francesco Reid?

A

1668 - meat experiment and and raised controversy that air was important for spontaneous generation for life

21
Q

What is the importance of John Needham?

A

Chicken broth experiment. No sterile containers. Theory supported spontaneous generation. Stated that it requires a vital force.
Lazzaro Spallanzani - stated that microbes fell into solution after they were boiled

22
Q

What is the importance of Louis Pasteur?

A
  1. Swan neck flasks. Proved that living cells only arise from living cells
23
Q

What is parasitology?

A

The study of Protozoa and parasitic worms

24
Q

Who was the scientists to first come up with the concept “animalcules”?

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

25
Q

What technique was Joseph Lister famous for?

A

Germ theory to medical procedures -aseptic techniques

Microbiology (6 decks)

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