Introduction to Microbiology Flashcards
a eukaryotic cell has
a true nucleus
rough ER
smooth ER
membranes for compartmentalization
a bacteria has
no membranes inside
no compartmentalization
prokaryotic cell
1/10th of the size of a eukaryotic cell
gram+ vs gram- bacteria
gram+:
turns purple when stained
smooth
thick layer of peptidoglycan
gram-:
does not turn purple when stained
rough
thin layer of peptidoglycan but has a second membrane
how do bacteria replicate
binary fission
lag phase, log phase, stationary phase, death phase
what causes dental caries and periodontitis
dysbiosis in the mouth
what is a virus
an infectious, obligate intracellular parasite comprising genetic material (DNA or RNA)
needs to enter a host cell to shut off normal processes and turn it into a virus producing cell
how do viruses take over the cell
viral genome enters the host, makes mRNA to be read by host ribosome to transcribe and take over the DNA of the cell
enveloped vs non-enveloped viruses
differs on how stable the virus is in the environment
non-enveloped viruses are very stable in the environment
how are viruses formed
by assembly, not division… sides form until there is enough then they form into their shape
virus replication cycle
APUTTGAR
entry -viral particle penetrates membrane and uncodes its gene
macromolecular synthesis -genome transcribed, needs to make mRNA, makes viral proteins
maturation -viral genomes and proteins come together and spontaneously form
latency
viral genome persists in the host nuclei with limited gene expression
lytic replication
full expression of the viral genome and production of progeny virions
eukaryotic microbes (parasites)
often acquired from unsafe water, fecal-oral transmission route, parasites and cysts in feces
thrush
protists and fungal
malaria
hard to treat, similar to a human cell, hard to identify the parasite
