Introduction To Medicinal Products Flashcards
What is pharmaceutics?
The process of turning a new chemical entity (NCE) into a medication to be used safely and effectively by patients. It is also called the science of dosage form design.
Question: What is the pharmaceutical primary steps?
Pharmaceutics involves the process of taking a drug from discovery to dosing, encompassing drug synthesis, scale-up, production, formulation, manufacturing, supply, and dosing administration.
Question: Describe Step 2 in the pharmaceutics process.
Answer: Step 2 involves administering the medicine in the correct way, at the correct dose, and with all the associated quality parameters.
Question: What factors are considered in drug properties within pharmaceutics?
Answer: Drug properties include physico-chemical aspects such as solubility, polarity, ionization (acid, bases, neutral, pKa), chemical stability, and chirality.
Question: What aspects are covered under medicine properties in pharmaceutics?
Answer: Medicine properties in pharmaceutics encompass formulation, chemical/physical/microbiological stability, and supply/manufacture.
Question: Explain the relevance of biopharmaceutics in patient-medicine interactions within pharmaceutics.
Answer: Biopharmaceutics, including pharmacokinetics (how the body deals with the drug), plays a crucial role in understanding the interaction between patients and medicines.
Question: What does pharmacodynamics focus on in the patient-drug relationship?
Answer: Pharmacodynamics explores how the drug affects the body in the patient-drug relationship.
Question: Highlight the challenges associated with clinical trials in pharmaceutics, especially concerning patient diversity.
Answer: Clinical trials face challenges with patient diversity due to factors like age, gender, location, and culture, making it difficult to generalize results.
What are medicines?
Medicines are drug delivery systems:
Administration of drug(s) into body in a safe, efficient, accurate, reproducible and convenient way.
If there is no excipients, what doe this mean?
Medicines = Drugs
Question: What is an excipient?
Answer: Excipients are additives and are added to medicines to make them into dosage forms
Question: Name various oral dosage forms used for medicines.
Answer: Oral dosage forms include solutions, syrups, suspensions, emulsions, gels, powders, granules, capsules, and tablets (suitable for feeding tubes).
Question: Name dosage forms for rectal administration.
Answer: Rectal dosage forms comprise suppositories, ointments, creams, and solutions.
Question: Enumerate topical dosage forms for medicine application.
Answer: Topical dosage forms include ointments, creams, pastes, lotions, gels, solutions, topical aerosols, foams, and transdermal patches.
Question: What are examples of parental dosage forms for administering medicines?
Answer: Parental dosage forms include injections, implants, and dialysis solutions, administered through routes such as intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SC), intramuscular (IM), intrathecal (IT), etc.
Question: Name respiratory dosage forms used for inhalation.
Answer: Respiratory dosage forms include aerosols (solution, suspension, emulsions, powders), inhalation, sprays, and gases.
Question: Specify dosage forms used for nasal administration.
Answer: Nasal dosage forms include solutions, inhalation, and ointments.
Question: List dosage forms applicable for eye administration.
Answer: Eye dosage forms comprise solutions, ointments, and creams.
Question: What are some dosage forms designed for vaginal/urethral administration?
Answer: Dosage forms for vaginal/urethral administration include pessaries and creams.
Question: What is the typical onset time for medicines administered through intravenous injection?
Answer: Medicines administered intravenously have an onset time measured in seconds.
Question: How long does it typically take for medicines administered through intramuscular and subcutaneous injections, buccal tablets, aerosols, and gases to take effect?
Answer: Medicines administered through intramuscular and subcutaneous injections, buccal tablets, aerosols, and gases generally have an onset time measured in minutes.
Question: In terms of onset time, what is typical for solutions, suspensions, powders, granules, capsules, and tablets?
Answer: Medicines in the form of solutions, suspensions, powders, granules, capsules, and tablets typically have an onset time ranging from minutes to hours.
Question: What type of formulations have a longer onset time measured in several hours?
Answer: Enteric coated formulations and controlled-release formulations typically have a longer onset time measured in several hours.
Question: For which types of medicines can the onset time extend to days to weeks?
Answer: Implants and depot injections have an onset time extending to days to weeks.
