Absorption Of Molecules 1 Flashcards
Question: What are the three stages involved in the solution process of a drug molecule?
Removal of the drug molecule from its crystal.
Creation of a cavity from the molecule in the solvent.
Insertion of the drug molecule into this cavity.
Question: How is the solubility of a substance defined?
Answer: The solubility of a substance is defined as the amount that goes into a solution when equilibrium is established between the solute in solution and the excess (undissolved) substance.
Question: How is a solution described when it contains a drug at the limit of its solubility at a specific temperature and pressure?
Answer: When a solution contains a drug at the limit of its solubility at any given temperature and pressure, it is described as saturated.
Question: What may occur if the solubility limit of a substance is exceeded in a solution?
Answer: If the solubility limit is exceeded, solid particles of the solute may be present in the solution.
Question: What is the distinction between the dissolution rate and solubility of a substance?
Answer: The dissolution rate and solubility are not the same; the dissolution rate refers to how quickly something dissolves, while solubility refers to the amount that can be dissolved.
Question: What are the factors that can influence the solubility of drugs in a solution?
- Temperature
- Molecular structure of the drug
a) Shape and surface area
b) Hydrophobicity and degree of ionization (influenced by pH) - Nature of the solvent
a) pH, cosolvents, solubilizing agents - Crystal characteristics
Question: What is the relationship between temperature and the solubility of a drug?
Answer: The solubility of a drug typically depends on temperature.
Question: What do the melting and boiling points of a substance reflect?
Answer: The melting and boiling points of a substance reflect the strengths of interactions between the molecules.
Question: How does the surface area of a drug molecule affect solubility?
Answer: The surface area of the drug molecule affects solubility because placing the solute molecule in the solvent cavity requires a number of solute-solvent contacts.
Question: How do polar groups, such as -OH, in a drug molecule influence solubility?
Answer: Polar groups, such as -OH, capable of hydrogen bonding with water molecules, give higher solubility.
Question: What effect do non-polar groups, such as -CH3 and -Cl, have on the solubility of a drug?
Answer: Non-polar groups, such as -CH3 and -Cl, are hydrophobic and impart low solubility.
Question: How does ionization impact the solubility of a drug?
Answer: Ionization increases solubility.
Question: Provide examples of relatively hydrophilic and hydrophobic functional groups.
Question: How does ionization impact the hydrophilicity of a molecule?
Answer: Ionization causes increased hydrophilicity.
Question: Define partitioning of drugs between immiscible solvents.
Answer: Partitioning refers to the distribution of drugs between solvents, typically occurring due to differences in solubility in different phases.