Introduction to low vision 1 Flashcards
what is visual impairment?
.a person who has visual impairment , full remediation is not possible by conventional spectacles or medical intervention and which causes restriction in that persons everyday life
what does visual impairment include ?
. there is an impairment of visual function
. full remediation is not possible with spectacles , contact lens or medical intervention
. visual impairment causes restriction in peoples everyday life
who mainly has visual impairment?
. it is mainly older people who have low vision
. 80% of registered people are over 90%
. 90% of people with visual impairment are over 60 years old
why is it mainly older people who have VI ?
. due to age related eye condition
. older people are living longer in the UK
. by 2031 , 40% of population will be over 60
what do old people with VI also can suffer with ?
. many of these people live alone
. hearing problems
. mobility problems
what is the impact of visual impairment on an individual?
. employment
34% of individual who have VI are in employment
. independence
no longer able to drive , cook , managing money
. psychological impact
VIP are prone to depressive symptoms
. well being
VI can increase the number of injuries resulting from falls
. social impact
reduced participation in social activities
what is the economic impact of vision loss ?
cost of VI in 2008 6.5 billion
this includes cost of hospital and social care and lower employment and informal carers
what is the impact of VI on carers ?
. depressive symptoms
. economic impact
. psychological impact
what are the common causes of VI in the UK ?
. age related macular degeneration ( 40% )
. glaucoma ( 30% )
. diabetic retinopathy ( 8%)
what is age related macular degeneration?
. main cause of blindness in the UK and developed nations
. third cause of blindness globally
what are the risk factors of age related macular degeneration ?
. age . high blood pressure . tobacco consumption . high blood cholesterol . UV . hyperopia . race - white
what are the types of AMD?
. atrophic or non-neovascular AMD (dry AMD)
. exudatie or neovascular ( wet AMD )
what are the symptoms of AMD ?
. blurred vision . straight lines appear wavy/crooked . things look faded . problems recognising people . problems seeing colours
what are the current treatments of dry AMD ?
nutritional supplements
what are the current treatments of wet AMD ?
.anti-vascular endothelial growth factor
. macugen
. lucentis
. eyelea
how many people does glaucoma affect?
. leading global cause of blindness after cataract
. 10% of UK blind registrations due to glaucoma
. 2% of people over 40 are affected in the UK
what are the risk factors of glaucoma?
. age . race ( black people ) . family history of glaucoma . ocular risk factors e.g. myopia . diabetes . untreated hypertension
what are the symptoms of glaucoma?
. usually asymptomatic until late stages
. tunnel vision
what are the current treatments for glaucoma?
. drug treatment
. laser treatment
. surgery
how many people does diabetic retinopathy affect ?
. 1 in 133 people with diabetes become blind
. major cause of VI in the working population in the UK
what are the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy?
. type of diabetes and its duration . hypertension . pregnancy . age . ethnicity (black people ) . hypelipidaemia
what are the current treatments of diabetic retinopathy?
. diabetic control
. laser photocoagulation
. vitrectomy
how many people does cataract affect ?
. major cause of global blindness 33% of all blindness is due to cataract
. not such a problem in the UK
what are the types of cataract?
. senile . traumatic e.g. penetrating injury . metabolic e.g diabetes . toxic e.g steroids . secondary e.g. eye infection . maternal infections e.g rubella . congenital
