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clinical skills > Helping people with Visual impairment > Flashcards

Helping people with Visual impairment Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first thing you do to help ?

A

Talk to the patient

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2
Q

What do you talk to the patient about?

A

Find out what is wrong

  • What is causing the sight loss?
  • Which eye disease?
  • How long they have had it?
  • What difficulties do they have?
  • What do they want help with?
  • What help have they received?
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3
Q

Once you know the situation of the patient, What else is a key part of information that you should know?

A 
what the patient can see
for e.g distance
intermediate 
near
- Have to measure contrast sensitivity
-check their spectacles , can you give them a better pair?
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4
Q

What is a eyecare journey?

A
  • Happens to each person with a visual impairment
  • Journey is never ending
  • eyecare implies focusing on health
  • Journey is difficult
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5
Q

What are the ways you can help in the eye care journey?

A

Make it bigger, brighter, bolder

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6
Q

How can you make things appear?

A
  • Doubling the size of an object - give X2 magnification
  • move closer - half the distance will make things twice the size
  • use magnifiers
  • use large print
  • try adapted equipment e.g large faced clocks and watches
  • try larger TV screens
  • try large labels and notes
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7
Q

How can you make things appear bolder?

A
  • use colour and tone contrast
  • try a bold font when using a PC
  • try a white crockery on a dark tablecloth
  • try white cups for tea and coffee
  • try white edges on dark steps and dark edges on white
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8
Q

How can you make things appear brighter?

A

use increased light

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9
Q

What are optical low vision aids?

A

magnifiers

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10
Q

What are the different magnifiers which aid low vision?

A

spectacle magnifiers
hand held magnifers - illuminated and non-illuminated
Stand magnifiers- illuminated and non-illuminated
Other magnifiers- bar magnifier and flat field magnifier
telescopes

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11
Q

What are the magnification basics?

A

4D= X1 magnification
This then assumes a working dsitance of 25cm
Magnifcation= F/4

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12
Q

What are the spectacle magnifiers: advantages?

A 
hands free
cosmetically and pyscologically acceptable
different types possible - e.g bifocals
-large field of view
-may flip up/out of line of sight
-may be able to use both eyes
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13
Q

What are the disadvantages of spectacle magnifiers?

A
  • short working distance
  • consipucous if clip on/head band mounted
  • may be heavy
  • lens errors
  • may be difficult to use both eyes together
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14
Q

Advantages of hand-held magnifiers?

A

available up to about 6x non-iluminated and about 15x illuminated

  • cosmetically/socially acceptable
  • cheap
  • portable
  • easy to use
  • can be used at any distance from the eye
  • lower powers available in larger diameters
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15
Q

Disadvantages of hand held magnifiers?

A
  • not good if hand tremor present or arthiritc especially at higher powers
  • best suited for short duration tasks
  • can be used inappropriately
  • internal illumination can make magnifier heavy.
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16
Q

Advantages of stand magnifiers?

A

up to 20x available
both hands are available to use and working distance is easily maintained
-lower powers may allow use of pen
-stable

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17
Q

Disadvantages of stand magnifiers?

A

may block light although illuminated varieties available
can be bulky and heavy especially lower powers
might be difficult to read a book because of the hump caused by the binding
-difficult to perform tasks underneath at high powers

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18
Q

Advantages with flat-field magnifiers?

A
  1. 7-5X magnification

- popular with children

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19
Q

Advantages of bar magnifiers?

A

-plano-cylindrical lenses- the shape is long so can read long sentences

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20
Q

Disadvantages of bar-magnifiers?

A

low magnification as 1-2X magnification

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21
Q

Advantages of telescopes?

A
  • wide range of focusing distances: distance/near/intermediate
  • incorporate patients prescription
  • greater working distance than other equivalent LVAs
  • Spectacle mounted design allows hands free
  • auto focus available
22
Q

Disadvantages of telescopes?

A
  • expensive
  • difficult to use
  • poor field of view
  • can be heavy
  • reduces image brightness
23
Q

Where can you get optical LVAs>

A

-Usually through the hospital eye service
-optical aids tend to be free on the NHS
(you need to decide whats the correct magnification for your patient)

24
Q

What is a non-optical low vision aid?

A
  • a device which doesnt use any optical lenses(such as your glasses, telescopes etc) however helps people with low vision to function more effectively and comfortably during visual tasks (such as an app or making things bigger, giving better lighting)
  • has specialist lighting equipment that improves visual performances and supports the use of vision and LVAs
  • devices that provide posture and ergonomic support
25
Q

What do non-optical low aids do?

A

they increase a persons functioning by improving the localised environment and supporting the person

26
Q

What are non-optical devices?

A

large number and extensive range of non-optical devices including electronic devices

  • large print book-speech synthesisers
  • costs can vary considerably from little as a pound to several thousand pounds
27
Q

What is the most important non-optical aid?

A

lighting

28
Q

What can increase the visual performance?

A

lighting as

  • performance increases with improvements in task illuminance
    e. g someone who is 60 needs x30 more light than someone who is 20.
29
Q

How do you optimise lighting for VI patients?

A

increase general ambient level of illuminance

  • e.g. draw curtains well back, clean curtains regularly
  • paint house walls with light colours
  • use fluroescent fittings
  • provided enhanced illumination for detailed tasks in localised area
  • localised lighting not only while reading but also for other tasks such as over the telephone, under wall mounted kitchen cabinets
  • carry torch when ambient lighting is poor
30
Q

What do visually impaired people may suffer from?

A

glare

31
Q

How do you oppose glare?

A

use sunglasses

visiors or caps

32
Q

What technology has helped with the VI ?

A
  • Electronic visual enhancemnt system- not available on NHS

- They are CCTVs

33
Q

What are the advantages of the electronic devices?

A
  • Large range of magnification - altering to different magnifications within the same device- which is important as it would be useful if your eyesight deteriorate
  • Variable magnification: deterioration of vision
  • Good contrast, different contrast options , contrast reversal (white on black text and vice versa)
  • good working distance
  • good field of view-
  • can use both eyes
  • minimal peripheral aberrations, less critical focus and reduced light loss
  • Various options : underline text you are reading, splitting screen, cutting out unwanted text, scrolling of text
  • longer reading duration than optical aids
34
Q

What are the disadvantages of the electronic devices?

A
  • expensive
  • need more practice to use it
  • can be bulky/heavy
  • can cause poor posture if bad position is adopted.
35
Q

What are the types of CCTVs you can get?

A

mouse style devices and connect to an ordinary TV or computer- cheapest option

  • Portable device - also cheap- appears like a mobile phone- Supervision plus app
  • Desktop varieties - more options; has a camera to put ur book under so can be projected onto screen to magnify the words (NV)
36
Q

What are the headmounted devices?

A

Worn on your eyes such as:

  • Vision glasses- connected to a phone - camera- see on - get algorithms which allow images to be enhanced which you cant get on your phone
  • ESight glasses
  • Oxford Smart specs
  • All devices are expensive
37
Q

What other electronic devices can be used?

A

MOBILE PHONE/Tablets

Ebooks e.g kindle

38
Q

What are the apps that can be used on the mobile phone?

A
  • Be my eyes
  • Seeing Al/ Envision Al
  • Tap tap see see
  • Soundscape
39
Q

What are some digital assistants?

A
  • Alexa

- Google home assist

40
Q

What are some accessibilty options on a computer?

A
  • Magnifiers, narrators, reverse colours
  • Settins- ease of access- magnifier
  • Magnification software for windows
  • Screenreaders
  • combined speech and magnification software
41
Q

What are some magnifiication software for windows?

A

supernoxva
zoomtext
MAGic

42
Q

What are some screenreaders?

A

supernova reader
system access
window-eyes

43
Q

What are some combined speech and magnification software?

A
  • iZoom screen magnifier/reader

- supernova access suite

44
Q

What is braille and moon?

A

a tactile reading code that enables VI people to access information by touch (

  • braille - series of raised dots - e.g spell out letter of alphabet)
  • moon- is made out of symbols
45
Q

What is advantage for braille?

A

-Can read yourself

46
Q

What is disadvantage for braille?

A
  • Hard to learn
  • ## Bulky language - takes up a lot of space / makes a book really large
47
Q

What are the braille gadgets?

A

braille note
braille displays
braille embossers
tactile graphic makers

(EXPENSIVE)

48
Q

Where do Visually impaired get help from apart from NHS?

A

Voluntary sector

  • RNIB
  • Guide dogs for the blind
  • Macular
  • local societes (about 100)
49
Q

How to find out more about the voluntary sectors?

A 
internet
publications
charities digest
NVCO
directory of specialist conditions
50
Q

Who are the personnel involved in low vision?

A 
carers 
dispensing opticians
GP
Occupational therapists
opathlmic nurses
optometrists
orthoptists
rehab workers
social workers
voluntary workers
eye care liasion officers
specialist teacher
51
Q

What are the other related groups in the voluntary sectors?

A
  • age concern
  • help the aged
  • arthiritis care
  • RNID
  • Sense

clinical skills (13 decks)

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