Introduction to lipids Flashcards
What is the equation for fatty acids synthesis
Acetyl-CoA + ATP + e- ——> fatty acid + C02 + CoA
What is beta-oxidation
It is the breakdown of fatty acids
fatty acid—–> Acetyl-CoA + ATP
What is the storage form for fats in humans
TAG’S: triacylglycerides
Outline some functions of cholesterol
An essential component for plasma membranes
precursor for bile acids, steroid hormones and Vitamin D
What are ketone bodies
they are 3 soluble chemicals made from Acetyl-CoA during fasting by the liver and lasts only 5 hours, it is vital for the brain during fasting.
What are the 4 pathways of lipid transport
From the gut to the liver and periphery
from the liver to periphery
from the periphery to the liver
from the liver to the digestive tract
What is the exogenous pathway
From the gut to the liver and the periphery, lipids from diet and are packaged in the SI into chylomicrons which are taken up by the liver
What is the endogenous (made by the body) pathway
From the liver to the periphery where it is stored in adipose and muscle, the lipid from the liver is packaged into VLDL
What is reverse cholesterol transport
From the periphery to the liver, occurs when the lipid supplies in the liver are being exhausted, HDL in blood indicates reverse-path activity
Bile production
From the liver and gall bladder to the duodenum,
cholesterol is converted into bile salts which emulsify fats in the duodenum and most are reabsorbed
Outline the need and activity of lipoprotein lipase
Used to mobilise fats, metabolises TAG into fatty acids and glycerol for energy production
What are lipoprotein particles
lipids arent soluble in plasma so they must become packages, lipoproteins are soluble in plasma and can carry the lipids.
What are LDL’s
Low-density lipoprotein: most dangerous lipoprotein, gets incorporated into atheromas, may be storage for cholesterol that can’t be stored elsewhere
What is HDL’s
High-density lipoprotein, the good lipoprotein, lipid transport from fat cells to the liver, induces reverse cholesterol transport
What is VLDL’s
very-low-density lipoproteins signify a risk of atheroma, used to transport endogenous cholesterol and TAG from liver to adipose and muscle and once TAG is removed it leaves over IDL which is the intermediate step before it becomes LDL.
