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Business Process Management 4 > Introduction to Lean Six Sigma > Flashcards

Introduction to Lean Six Sigma Flashcards

1
Q

What is Lean Six Sigma?

A

The methodology we use to improve efficiency and quality.

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2
Q

What is DMAIC?

A

Define
Measure
Analyze
Improve
Control

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3
Q

Why do we need the method?

A

Without a method you rush to conclusions and only touch the tip of the iceberg of your problems, so you can’t solve them.

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4
Q

How do we measure quality?

A

Quality is measured by the degree of variation.

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5
Q

What do you need to be effective?

A
  • Reduce variation
  • Reduce defects
    (six sigma)
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6
Q

What do you need to be efficient?

A
  • Reduce waste
  • Lean value added steps
    (Lean)
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7
Q

What are the five key principles of Lean?

A
  1. Define value add and non value add.
  2. Map the value stream.
  3. Establish process flow.
  4. Shift from push to pull systems.
  5. Strive for perfection / zero defects.
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8
Q

What is Six Sigma?

A
  • An organisational philosophy/BPI (Business Process Improvement) approach
  • A methodology
  • A standard deviation (6σ)
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9
Q

What are the goals of Six Sigma?

A
  • Reduce Variation related to the variation within process output (Y) caused by the input or process variables (x’s).
  • Reduce variation towards customer target and specification(s).
  • Reduce variation by eliminating waste
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10
Q

Why is it important to understand customer satisfaction?

A

Quality starts with understanding customer needs and ends
when those needs are satisfied.

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11
Q

What are the Quality Dimensions?

A
  • Conformance to Specifications (Crosby)
  • Value
  • Fitness for Use (Juran)
  • Support
  • Psychological Impressions
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12
Q

What is Conformance to Specifications?

A

▪ Providing a specification that is desired by customers (eg. Expiration date, content amount)
▪ Conformance to specifications means to meet any requirements defined for the product, not
only regulatory.

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13
Q

What is Fitness for Use?

A

Effectiveness of a design, manufacturing method, and support process employed in delivering a good system or service that fits a customer’s defined purpose, under anticipated or specified operational conditions.

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14
Q

What are Psychological Impressions?

A

Going beyond the core value, to create a psychological benefit.

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15
Q

How is the process monitored?

A

DMAIC

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16
Q

What is Define?

A

Define the opportunity from both business and customer perspectives.

17
Q

What is Measure?

A

Understand the process and its performance.

18
Q

What is Analyze?

A

Search for the key factors (critical X’s) that have the biggest impact on process performance and determine the root causes.

19
Q

What is Improve?

A

Develop improvement solutions for the critical X’s.

20
Q

What is Control?

A

Implement the solution and control plan.

21
Q

What are the critical enablers?

A
  • Project Selection
  • Project Sponsorship
  • Tollgate Reviews
22
Q

What are the different methodologies?

A

PDCA, 7-Step, TOPS-8D, DMAIC

23
Q

What is the relationship between the different methodologies?

A

All methods basically do the same thing, although with different focus:
- PDCA has only a single phase (Plan) to cover many activities
- TOPS-8D includes a specific phase of ‘Contain the Symptom’ particularly relevant when dealing with suppliers
- DMAIC has a stronger data focus, and is not very clear on the actual implementation of the improvement

24
Q

How to select a project?

A
  • Use pilot projects
  • Aim at low hanging fruit. (easiest one to solve)
  • Feasible projects
  • Business results with limited investments.
  • Data available.
  • High probability of success.
25
Q

What are the process quality measurements?

A

DPMO, Yield %, CpK, sigma

26
Q

What is DPMO?

A

Defects Per Million Opportunities

27
Q

What is Yield %?

A

Number of good products relative to the number of produced products.

28
Q

What is CpK?

A

Process capability relative to product specifications.

29
Q

What is a sigma level?

A

Statistical measure of a process ability to meet customer requirements

30
Q

What are the corresponding measures to six sigma?

A
  • DPMO = 3,4
  • Yield % = 99,99966
  • CpK = 2

Business Process Management 4 (6 decks)

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