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[LECTURE] Immuno-sero > Introduction to Immunology > Flashcards

Introduction to Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

1700
_________
Vaccination of cowpox against smallpox

A

Edward Jenner

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2
Q

______
Louis Pasteur
Reported live attenuated vaccine against ________

A

1885
Rabies

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3
Q

________
_________
Antiserum therapy esp. against diphtheria

A

1901
Emil Von Behring

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4
Q

1905
Robert Koch
_____________

A

Tuberculosis

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5
Q

______
Paul Ehrlich
Theories of Immunity (_________r & _______)

A

1908
Cellular & Humoral

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6
Q

1908
_____________
Phagocytosis

A

Elie Metchnikof

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7
Q

1912
Alexis Carrell
_____________

A

Organ grafting

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8
Q

________
_______________
Anaphylaxis

A

1913
Charles Richet

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9
Q

1919
__________
_____________________________________

A

Jules Bordet
Theories of Immunity/Complement

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10
Q

_____
Karl Landsteiner
________________

A

1930
Human Blood groups

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11
Q

1945 People

A

Sir Alexander Fleming
Sir Ernst Borischain
Lord Howard Walter Floray

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12
Q

1945 people invented/discovered what?

A

Penicillin

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13
Q

1949
___________
Development of ____________

A

Salk and Sabin
Polio vaccine

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14
Q

_______
____________________
Yellow Fever Vaccine

A

1951
Max Theiler

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15
Q

____
________________
___________ as first antibiotic effective against TB

A

1952
Selman Abraham Waksman
Streptomycin

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16
Q

_______
Daniel Bovet
__________________________

A

1957
Antihistamine research

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17
Q

1959
__________________
Mechanism of biological synthesis of ___ & ___

A

Severo Ochoa & Arthur Kornberg
DNA & RNA

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18
Q

1960 People

A

Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet
Sir Peter Brian Medewar

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19
Q

In 1960. Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet, and Sir Peter Brian Medewar discovered/invented ______________________

A

Acquire Immunological Tolerance

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20
Q

1965 People

A

Francois Jacob
Andrei Lwoff
Jacques Monod

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21
Q

In 1965, Francois Jacob. Andrei Lwoff, and Jacques Monod invented/discovered Genetic control of ______ and ___________

A

Enzymes
Viruses Synthesis

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22
Q

______
Kohler
___________________

A

1975
First monoclonal antibody

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23
Q

1977
____________
Radioimmunoassay of _______________

A

Rosalyn Yellow
Peptide hormones

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24
Q

1978 people

A

Werner Arber
Daniel Nathans
Hamilton Smith

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25
Q

in 1978, Warner Arber, Daniel Nathans, and Hamilton Smith invented/discovered ______________________

A

Restriction enzymes/application to problems of molecular genetics

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26
Q

1980 people

A

Baruj Benacerraf
Jean Dausset
George Snell

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27
Q

In 1980, Baruj Benacerraf, Jean Dausset, and George Snell invented/discovered ________________________

A

Immunogenetics and Histocompatibility

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28
Q

1983
__________
______________________

A

Barbara McClintock
Mobile genetic elements (transposons)

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29
Q

_____
Susomo Tonegawa
_________________

A

1987
Immunoglobulin genetics ab diversity

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30
Q

1989 people

A

J. Michael Bishop
Harold Varmus

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31
Q

in 1989, J. Michael Bishop and Harold Varmus invented/discovered Cellular origin of _______________

A

retroviral oncogenes

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32
Q

1990 people

A

Joseph Murray
E. Donnell Thomas

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33
Q

in 1990, Joseph Murray and E. Donnell Thomas invented/discovered ________________

A

Organ & Cell Transplantation

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34
Q

1996 people

A

Peter Doherty
Rolf ZInkernagel

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35
Q

in 1996, Peter Doherty and Rolf Zinkernagel invented/discvered Specificity of cell mediated immune defense (_____________)

A

dual recognition

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36
Q

1997
___________
Prions as a new biological principle of infection

A

Stanley Prusine

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37
Q

1999
_____________
Signal transduction

A

Gunter Blobel

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38
Q

1999
____________
Agglutination

A

Durham & Gruber

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39
Q

1999
Graber & WIlliams
_____________________

A

Immunoelectrophoresis

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40
Q

________
________________
IgE

A

1999
Isihazaka

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41
Q

1999
_____________
Interferons

A

Isaacs & Lindenmann
Interferons

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42
Q

____
Kraus
____________

A

1999
Precipitation

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43
Q

What are the two types of Immunity

A

Natural/Innate Immunity
Acquired/Adaptive Immunity

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44
Q

Natural/Innate Immunity parts

A

Anatomical Barriers
Humoral barriers to infection

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45
Q

First line of defense

A

Anatomical Barriers

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46
Q

ANATOMICAL BARRIERS

Mechanical Factors

A

Skin
Mucus

47
Q

ANATOMICAL BARRIERS

Chemical Factors

A

Fatty acids
Surfactants

48
Q

ANATOMICAL BARRIERS

Biological factors

A

Normal flora of the skin and GIT

49
Q

play an important role in inflammation, characterized by edema and phagocytic cells.

A

Humoral barriers to infection

50
Q

Humoral barriers to infection

These factors are found in the ________ or at the _______________

A

serum
site of infection

51
Q

Enumerate the non-specific plasma proteins

A

Complement system
Coagulation system
Lactoferrin and transferrin
Interferons
Betalysin
Properdin

52
Q

Once activated complement can lead to increased vascular permeability, recruitment of phagocytic cells, and lysis and opsonization of bacteria.

A

Complement system

53
Q

COMPLEMENT SYSTEM

Once activated complement can lead to increased:

A

Vascular permeability
Recruitment of phagocytic cells
lysis and opsonization of bacteria

54
Q

Some products of the coagulation system can contribute to the non-specific defenses because of their ability to increase vascular permeability and act as chemotactic agents for phagocytic cells.

A

Coagulation system

55
Q

are a group of cytokines that are secreted by different cells of the immune system that function for cellular growth modulation, differentiation, and activation during inflammatory and immune responses.

A

Interleukins

56
Q

These cells are the main line of defense in the non-specific immune system.

A

Cellular barriers to infection

57
Q

Enumerate the kinds of Cellular barriers to infection

A

Neutrophils
Macrophages
Mast cells
Dendritic cells
Natural killer (NK) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells
Eosinophils, Basophils
Monocytes

58
Q

Third line of defense

A

Acquired/Adaptive Immunity

59
Q

Affords protection against re-exposure to the same pathogen

A

Acquired/Adaptive Immunity

60
Q

cells responsible for the specific immune response

A

Lymphocytes

61
Q

Types of Acquired/Adaptive Immunity

A

B-cells
T-cells
Helper/Cytotoxic/Killer/Suppressor/Memory

62
Q

mature in marrow

A

B-cells

63
Q

mature in thymus

A

T-Cells

64
Q

Types of Specific Immunologic Reactions/ Adaptive

A

Humoral Immunity
Active Immunity
Passive Immunity
Cellular Immunity

65
Q

aka antibody-mediated

A

Humoral Immunity

66
Q

Involves B cell activation

A

Humoral immunity

67
Q

HUMORAL IMMUNITY

Production of antibodies in __________ and _______

A

Blood plasma
Lymph

68
Q

HUMORAL IMMUNITY

B cells that are stimulated, called _________, will actively secrete antibodies

A

plasma B cells

69
Q

HUMORAL IMMUNITY

Antibodies are found in ____ (blood plasma, lymph, mucus, etc.) and _______________

A

ECF
surface of B cells

70
Q

Defense against bacteria, bacterial toxins, and viruses that circulate freely in body fluids before they enter cells

A

Humoral immunity

71
Q

Result of actual infection

A

Active immunity

72
Q

ACTIVE IMMUNITY

exposure to antigen

A

Naturally Acquired Active Immunity

73
Q

ACTIVE IMMUNITY

through vaccination

A

Artificially Acquired Active Immunity

74
Q

Result of transmission of antibodies

A

Passive immunity

75
Q

PASSIVE IMMUNITY

natural antibodies
antibodies pass from mother to fetus via placenta

A

Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity

76
Q

PASSIVE IMMUNITY

injection of antibodies

A

Artificially Acquired Passive Immunity

77
Q

T/F: in Artificially Acquired Passive Immunity, immunity is long-lived

A

FALSE; short-lived

78
Q

a.k.a cell-mediated

A

Cellular immunity

79
Q

Cellular immunity is the action of

A

T cells

80
Q

Active against antigens and transplanted tissues

A

Cellular Immunity

81
Q

Cellular immunity kills cells through _____

A

lysis

82
Q

T/F: Cellular immunity is defense against extracellular organisms

A

FALSE; intracellular organisms

83
Q

Process of inducing immunity naturally or artificially by vaccination or administration of antibody

A

Immunization

84
Q

Types of Immunization

A

Vaccination
Herd Immunity

85
Q

A type of active immunization wherein any vaccine or toxoid is administered for prevention of disease.

A

Vaccination

86
Q

For every type of disease, there is a recommended percentage of immunized population to achieve herd immunity

A

Herd Immunity

87
Q

Proteins, polysaccharides or nucleic acids delivered to the immune system to induce specific responses that inactivate, destroy or suppress the pathogen.

A

Vaccines

88
Q

CELLS AND ORGANS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

Two major lineages

A

Myeloid precursor
Lymphoid precursor

89
Q

Enumerate the myeloid precursors

A

Monocytes
PMN (polymorphonuclears)
RBCs
Platelets
Macrophages

90
Q

Enumerate the Lymphoid Precursors

A

T cells
B cells
NK cells

91
Q

Two types of immune system organs

A

Primary
Secondary

92
Q

maturation sites

A

Primary

93
Q

Central organ where all immune cells are born
B cells maturation

A

Bone marrow

94
Q

T-cell maturation

A

Thymus

95
Q

activation sites

A

Secondary

96
Q

Enumerate the secondary organs

A

Lymph nodes
Lymphatics
Spleen
MALT (mucous-associated lymphoid tissues)

97
Q

ACTIVE OR PASSIVE

Individual Produces Antibody

A

Active

98
Q

ACTIVE OR PASSIVE

Follows Immunization or Infection

A

Active

99
Q

ACTIVE OR PASSIVE

Memory (lasting)

A

Active

100
Q

ACTIVE OR PASSIVE

Antibody Transferred to individuals

A

Passive

101
Q

Example of passive

A

Gamma Globulin Injections
Placental transfer

102
Q

ACTIVE OR PASSIVE

No Memory (Temporary)

A

Passive

103
Q

a.k.a innate

A

Natural

104
Q

a.k.a acquired

A

Adaptive

105
Q

NATURAL OR ADAPTIVE

Non-specific
NO memory

A

Natural

106
Q

Example of Natural Immunity

A

Exogenous (skin)
Endogenous (Stomach acid)
Phagocytosis (PMNs)
NK (Natural Killer Cells)

107
Q

NATURAL OR ADAPTIVE

Specific
Memory

A

Adaptive

108
Q

Examples of Adaptive immunity

A

T Cells (cytokines)
B cells (antibodies)

109
Q

CELLULAR OR HUMORAL

T Cell/Lymphokines

A

Cellular

110
Q

CELLULAR OR HUMORAL

Primary defense agaisnt viral/fungal infections (Intracellular organisms)

A

Cellular

111
Q

CELLULAR OR HUMORAL

Delayed Hypersensitivity
(Ex. Transplant rejection)

A

Cellular

112
Q

CELLULAR OR HUMORAL

B Cell (Plasma cell)/Antibody

A

Humoral

113
Q

CELLULAR OR HUMORAL

Primary defense against bacterial infections (Extracellular organisms)

A

Humoral

114
Q

CELLULAR OR HUMORAL

Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)

A

Humoral

[LECTURE] Immuno-sero (3 decks)

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