Introduction to human anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
Gross anatomy
A
Deals with organs and tissues that can be seen with the naked eye Ex. Organ, organ system, and organism
2
Q
Microscopic anatomy
A
Studies things needing a microscope to view (cells, molecules, tissues , histology)
3
Q
Organism hierarchy
A
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
4
Q
Cell
A
Basic unit of life
5
Q
Regional approach
A
Study head, torso by region
6
Q
Surface apporach
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Sub of regional approach What we can see or palpate without being invasive
7
Q
Systemic approach
A
Such as looking at the digestive system
8
Q
Caput
A
Head
9
Q
Collum
A
Neck [collar]
10
Q
Truncus
A
Trunk - includes: abdomen, Dorsum, and perineum/ pelvis
11
Q
Thorax
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Chest
12
Q
Dorsum
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Back
13
Q
Dorsal cavities
A
Cranial and vertebral
14
Q
Ventral cavities
A
Inside the truck cavities
pleural
Pericardial
Peritoneal
15
Q
Thoracic cavities
A
Made of Pleural (2) - one for each lung
Mediastinum - in between the 2 pleural cavities
- portion of the mediastinum = pericardial cavity for the heart
16
Q
Functional anatomy
A
the study of anatomy in its relation to function Ie. Blends together parts of the body and how they function together
17
Q
Clinical Anatomy
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practical application of anatomical knowledge to diagnosis and treatment
18
Q
Anatomy
A
To cut up/ apart
19
Q
Diaphram
A
Separates thorax and abdomen
20
Q
Perineum
A
The part between the thighs just below the abdomen
21
Q
Cavities of the body Image
A
22
Q
Serosa
A
Made of epithelium
lines outside of the cavity and the internal organs in there
covers the ventral cavity [pleural, abdoinopelvic, and abdominal]
wet surface so things dont stick on each other
23
Q
Abdominal and pelvic cavities
A
Contineous cavity
24
Q
4 types of Serosa
A
Mesothelium
partietal
visceral
serous cavity
25
Serosa image
Balloon = serosa
box = body wall
hand = organ
26
Mesothelium
It's lines the 2 pleural, 1 pericardial, peritoneal [in the abdominal pelvic cavity]
the same epithilium lines al 4
After this, there is a little bit of connective tissue
Where the membrane covers the inside wall of the cavity and it continues as 1 complete sheet of stuff and run onto the surface of the organs contained in the cavity
27
Epithelia
Covers all surfaces of the body
28
Parietal layer of serosa
Th part of the balloon that is pushed up against the wall of the box
29
Visceral layer of serosa
The part that the hand is touching visceral layer
30
Serous cavity
Space between the paritetal and visceral layers
has a couple mm of fluid
keeps things wet and can move hand inside and it doesn't stick to wall of cavity
in reality like a paper bag [ie. No potential space] - if space then abnormal/ problem
31
Pleura serosa
Covers the lungs
2 separate
right pleura and a left pleura
32
Pericardium
Serosa that covers the heart
parts can sometimes be called.
33
Peritoneium
In the abdominal pelvic region this is what the serosa is called
34
Epicardium
Visceral pericardium
35
Integument
Organ
covers entire body except the anterior surface of the eye
36
Skeletal system
Bones and cartilage
rigid support for body
joints
37
Muscular system
Locomotion and movement
made of cells that can contract
38
Nervous system
Corellates the adjustments of the body to the changes in the internal environment
39
Circulatory system
How fluids move around our body
2 parts: cardiovascular - fluid is blood
lymphatic - fluid is lymph
40
Digestive
Ingest, digest, absorb nutirients
41
Respiratory system
Good air in and bad air out
oxygen - cells need oxygen for oxphos to make enough atp to keep things going
co2 byproduct removal
42
Urogential
2 systems in one
urinary
reproductive/genital
share common organs
43
Glands
Make material that they dont exactly use for themselves
44
Endocrine system
Series of glands
45
`Mucosa
Inside surface - ex digestive system
intestine = tube and the hole inside the tube is called the lumen
lining of the lumens of the digestive system, respiratory system, urogential system, and anterior surface of the eye all are covered by this
a muscous membrane
also wet, with a slimy slippery material - generally mucous, in eye it is the tear film
function is to decrease friction between things
located outside of the body, surface that is exposed to environment ; so has a defense system with it
46
Lamina propria
Same name for all the connective tissue supporting the mucosa
[proper layer]
47
Mucous epithelium
Has different epithelium for different parts of the mucous
does not have the same name
48
Anatomical position
Standing
Facing forward
palms facing forward
feet facing froward
49
Sagittal
Parallel to lung axis
runs front to back k
50
Median sagittal
If plane is in the midline [right through nose, belly button]
51
Parasaggital plane
If plane is it not in midline and off to the side, but still going front to back
52
Coronal plane
Also called frontal plane
splits us into front and back [anteror, posterior]
53
Transverse plane
Also called horizantal plane
going perpendicular to long axis
54
Longitudinal sections
Both Sagittal and coronal planes
parallel to long axis
55
Cross sections
Horizantal and transverse planes
56
Oblique sections
Anything that isn't in the orthangonal directions
anything at an angle
57
Superficial vs. deep
Superficial : toward the surface
deep: away from the surface
profundus = deep
58
External vs internal
External: outside
internal: inside
59
Medial vs lateral vs median
Medial: close to midline, but not at the midline
lateral: away from the midline
median: in the midline
NOTE: ONLY REFER TO MIDLINE
IE. My ear is lateral to eye
my eye is lateral to my ear
60
Proximal vs distal
Proximal: near to
distal: away from
often midline, but doesnt have to be
61
Anterior vs posterior
Anterior : front
posterior: back
62
Ventral vs dorsal
Ventral: stomach
dorsal: back
NOTE: in anatomical position defintions same as anterior Posterior
63
Superior vs inferior
Superior: above
inferior: below
64
Cranial vs caudal
Cranial: towards head , up
caudal: towards tail, down
65
Rosteral
Towards beak
66
Which positions move with the body
When anatomical position is not there, these dont mean the same things
1. Ventral/ dorsal
2. Cranial/ caudal
these move with the body
NOTE: anterior, posterior, superior, inferior DO NOT MOVE WITH THE BODY.
67
Bilateral vs unilateral
Bilateral: things on both sides [ie. Eyes] mirror images
unilateral: only have one on one side
68
Ipsilateral vs contralateral
Ipsilateral: things on the same side [right eye and right leg]
contralateral: on opposite sides [rt eye and left eye]
69
Dexter
To the right
ie. Right eye is oculus dexter [OD]
70
Sinister
To the left
ie. Let eye = oculus sinister [OS]
71
Flexion vs extension
Flexion : decrease angle between 2 body parts
extension : increase angle between 2 body parts
72
Lateral flexion
To move away from midline
73
Abduction vs addiction
Abduction : to take away, usually from midline
Adduction: to bring in toward the midline
74
Circuduction
To go in a circle
75
Elevate vs depression
76
Rotation
Spin around an axis
77
Eyelid movements
upper eye lid and depress lower eyelid to open
To close: elevate lower eyelid and depress upper eyelid
78
Supraduction
NOTE: reference point for eyes is front since they are spheres
Looking up
rotating eye upwards = also means elevation
79
Infraduction
To look down
- also called depression
80
Abduction of the eye
Looking away from midline
also called temporally
81
Adduction of the eye
To look towards the midline
also called nasally
82
Incycloduction
Rotating the eye on an anterior posterior axis
if top of eye is rotating inside in toward the inside
also called intorsion
83
Excycloduction
Rotate top of the eye outward away from midline
= extortion
84
Anatomical variation
85
Anaomly
something that deviates from what is standard, normal, or expected
