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Anatomy 1 > Introduction to human anatomy > Flashcards

Introduction to human anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Gross anatomy

A

Deals with organs and tissues that can be seen with the naked eye Ex. Organ, organ system, and organism

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2
Q

Microscopic anatomy

A

Studies things needing a microscope to view (cells, molecules, tissues , histology)

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3
Q

Organism hierarchy

A

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

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4
Q

Cell

A

Basic unit of life

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5
Q

Regional approach

A

Study head, torso by region

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6
Q

Surface apporach

A

Sub of regional approach What we can see or palpate without being invasive

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7
Q

Systemic approach

A

Such as looking at the digestive system

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8
Q

Caput

A

Head

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9
Q

Collum

A

Neck [collar]

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10
Q

Truncus

A

Trunk - includes: abdomen, Dorsum, and perineum/ pelvis

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11
Q

Thorax

A

Chest

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12
Q

Dorsum

A

Back

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13
Q

Dorsal cavities

A

Cranial and vertebral

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14
Q

Ventral cavities

A

Inside the truck cavities

pleural

Pericardial

Peritoneal

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15
Q

Thoracic cavities

A

Made of Pleural (2) - one for each lung

Mediastinum - in between the 2 pleural cavities

  • portion of the mediastinum = pericardial cavity for the heart
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16
Q

Functional anatomy

A

the study of anatomy in its relation to function Ie. Blends together parts of the body and how they function together

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17
Q

Clinical Anatomy

A

practical application of anatomical knowledge to diagnosis and treatment

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18
Q

Anatomy

A

To cut up/ apart

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19
Q

Diaphram

A

Separates thorax and abdomen

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20
Q

Perineum

A

The part between the thighs just below the abdomen

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21
Q

Cavities of the body Image

A
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22
Q

Serosa

A

Made of epithelium

lines outside of the cavity and the internal organs in there

covers the ventral cavity [pleural, abdoinopelvic, and abdominal]

wet surface so things dont stick on each other

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23
Q

Abdominal and pelvic cavities

A

Contineous cavity

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24
Q

4 types of Serosa

A

Mesothelium

partietal

visceral

serous cavity

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25
Q

Serosa image

A

Balloon = serosa

box = body wall

hand = organ

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26
Q

Mesothelium

A

It’s lines the 2 pleural, 1 pericardial, peritoneal [in the abdominal pelvic cavity]

the same epithilium lines al 4

After this, there is a little bit of connective tissue

Where the membrane covers the inside wall of the cavity and it continues as 1 complete sheet of stuff and run onto the surface of the organs contained in the cavity

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27
Q

Epithelia

A

Covers all surfaces of the body

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28
Q

Parietal layer of serosa

A

Th part of the balloon that is pushed up against the wall of the box

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29
Q

Visceral layer of serosa

A

The part that the hand is touching visceral layer

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30
Q

Serous cavity

A

Space between the paritetal and visceral layers

has a couple mm of fluid

keeps things wet and can move hand inside and it doesn’t stick to wall of cavity

in reality like a paper bag [ie. No potential space] - if space then abnormal/ problem

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31
Q

Pleura serosa

A

Covers the lungs

2 separate

right pleura and a left pleura

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32
Q

Pericardium

A

Serosa that covers the heart

parts can sometimes be called.

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33
Q

Peritoneium

A

In the abdominal pelvic region this is what the serosa is called

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34
Q

Epicardium

A

Visceral pericardium

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35
Q

Integument

A

Organ

covers entire body except the anterior surface of the eye

36
Q

Skeletal system

A

Bones and cartilage

rigid support for body

joints

37
Q

Muscular system

A

Locomotion and movement

made of cells that can contract

38
Q

Nervous system

A

Corellates the adjustments of the body to the changes in the internal environment

39
Q

Circulatory system

A

How fluids move around our body

2 parts: cardiovascular - fluid is blood

lymphatic - fluid is lymph

40
Q

Digestive

A

Ingest, digest, absorb nutirients

41
Q

Respiratory system

A

Good air in and bad air out

oxygen - cells need oxygen for oxphos to make enough atp to keep things going

co2 byproduct removal

42
Q

Urogential

A

2 systems in one

urinary

reproductive/genital

share common organs

43
Q

Glands

A

Make material that they dont exactly use for themselves

44
Q

Endocrine system

A

Series of glands

45
Q

`Mucosa

A

Inside surface - ex digestive system

intestine = tube and the hole inside the tube is called the lumen

lining of the lumens of the digestive system, respiratory system, urogential system, and anterior surface of the eye all are covered by this

a muscous membrane

also wet, with a slimy slippery material - generally mucous, in eye it is the tear film

function is to decrease friction between things

located outside of the body, surface that is exposed to environment ; so has a defense system with it

46
Q

Lamina propria

A

Same name for all the connective tissue supporting the mucosa

[proper layer]

47
Q

Mucous epithelium

A

Has different epithelium for different parts of the mucous

does not have the same name

48
Q

Anatomical position

A

Standing

Facing forward

palms facing forward

feet facing froward

49
Q

Sagittal

A

Parallel to lung axis

runs front to back k

50
Q

Median sagittal

A

If plane is in the midline [right through nose, belly button]

51
Q

Parasaggital plane

A

If plane is it not in midline and off to the side, but still going front to back

52
Q

Coronal plane

A

Also called frontal plane

splits us into front and back [anteror, posterior]

53
Q

Transverse plane

A

Also called horizantal plane

going perpendicular to long axis

54
Q

Longitudinal sections

A

Both Sagittal and coronal planes

parallel to long axis

55
Q

Cross sections

A

Horizantal and transverse planes

56
Q

Oblique sections

A

Anything that isn’t in the orthangonal directions

anything at an angle

57
Q

Superficial vs. deep

A

Superficial : toward the surface

deep: away from the surface

profundus = deep

58
Q

External vs internal

A

External: outside

internal: inside

59
Q

Medial vs lateral vs median

A

Medial: close to midline, but not at the midline

lateral: away from the midline
median: in the midline

NOTE: ONLY REFER TO MIDLINE
IE. My ear is lateral to eye

my eye is lateral to my ear

60
Q

Proximal vs distal

A

Proximal: near to

distal: away from

often midline, but doesnt have to be

61
Q

Anterior vs posterior

A

Anterior : front

posterior: back

62
Q

Ventral vs dorsal

A

Ventral: stomach

dorsal: back

NOTE: in anatomical position defintions same as anterior Posterior

63
Q

Superior vs inferior

A

Superior: above

inferior: below

64
Q

Cranial vs caudal

A

Cranial: towards head , up

caudal: towards tail, down

65
Q

Rosteral

A

Towards beak

66
Q

Which positions move with the body

A

When anatomical position is not there, these dont mean the same things

  1. Ventral/ dorsal
  2. Cranial/ caudal

these move with the body

NOTE: anterior, posterior, superior, inferior DO NOT MOVE WITH THE BODY.

67
Q

Bilateral vs unilateral

A

Bilateral: things on both sides [ie. Eyes] mirror images

unilateral: only have one on one side

68
Q

Ipsilateral vs contralateral

A

Ipsilateral: things on the same side [right eye and right leg]

contralateral: on opposite sides [rt eye and left eye]

69
Q

Dexter

A

To the right

ie. Right eye is oculus dexter [OD]

70
Q

Sinister

A

To the left

ie. Let eye = oculus sinister [OS]

71
Q

Flexion vs extension

A

Flexion : decrease angle between 2 body parts

extension : increase angle between 2 body parts

72
Q

Lateral flexion

A

To move away from midline

73
Q

Abduction vs addiction

A

Abduction : to take away, usually from midline

Adduction: to bring in toward the midline

74
Q

Circuduction

A

To go in a circle

75
Q

Elevate vs depression

A
76
Q

Rotation

A

Spin around an axis

77
Q

Eyelid movements

A

upper eye lid and depress lower eyelid to open

To close: elevate lower eyelid and depress upper eyelid

78
Q

Supraduction

A

NOTE: reference point for eyes is front since they are spheres

Looking up

rotating eye upwards = also means elevation

79
Q

Infraduction

A

To look down

  • also called depression
80
Q

Abduction of the eye

A

Looking away from midline

also called temporally

81
Q

Adduction of the eye

A

To look towards the midline

also called nasally

82
Q

Incycloduction

A

Rotating the eye on an anterior posterior axis

if top of eye is rotating inside in toward the inside

also called intorsion

83
Q

Excycloduction

A

Rotate top of the eye outward away from midline

= extortion

84
Q

Anatomical variation

A
85
Q

Anaomly

A

something that deviates from what is standard, normal, or expected

Anatomy 1 (3 decks)

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