Introduction to Host Microbe Interactions

Question 1

example of early microbiological developments

Answer 1

improvements in microscopy
culturing of bacteria in labs
animal modelling of infection
all aided understanding

Question 2

innovations from the ‘age of the germ’

Answer 2

aseptic surgery
appropriately developed vaccines
public health interventions
antimicrobial agents

Question 3

griffith experiment

Answer 3

had ‘smooth’ and ‘rough’ bacteria- smooth caused disease, rough did not
rough + heat-killed smooth led to disease, so there must have been some genetic transfer

Question 4

issues with ngs for microbial sequencing

Answer 4

not great with small genomes, so have to sequence multiple and split them out

Question 5

stages of animal immune system evolution

Answer 5

early multicellular- graft rejection and non-self recognition
coleomates- phagocytes and graft memory, agglutins
vertebrates- more complex adaptive immunity and antigen receptor diversity