Introduction to histology

Question 1

Describe the main function of the RER

Answer 1

protein synthesis

Question 2

Describe what happens to the newly made proteins in the RER

Answer 2

Enter smooth ER

Transported to golgi

Question 3

Which organelles is the site of membrane lipid synthesis?

Answer 3

smooth ER

Question 4

Where are proteins processed?

Answer 4

smooth ER

Question 5

What is the function of the golgi apparatus

Answer 5

processes macromolecules

Question 6

In what cell type is the golgi apparatus particularly prominent?

Answer 6

plasma cell

Question 7

Describe the orientation of the cis face of the golgi apparatus

Answer 7

nuclear facing

Question 8

Which organelle phosphorylates some proteins?

Answer 8

golgi apparatus

Question 9

what is the function of the medial golgi?

Answer 9

forms complex oligosccharides

Question 10

In which part of the golgi does proteolysis occur?

Answer 10

trans golgi network

Question 11

In which part of the golgi apparatus are macromolecules sorted into vesicles?

Answer 11

trans golgi network

Question 12

Where are lysosomes derived from?

Answer 12

the golgi apparatus

Question 13

In which vesicle, derived from the golgi apparatus, are proteins degraded?

Answer 13

lysosomes

Question 14

Lysosomes are formed from the fusion of which vesicles?

Answer 14

hydrolase vesicles and endosomes

Question 15

What do lysosomes contain that allows them to degrade proteins?

Answer 15

acid hydrolases

Question 16

Describe the pH inside a lysosome

Answer 16

low (pH5)

Question 17

Why is the pH low inside lysosomes?

Answer 17

H+-ATPase

Question 18

What do peroxisomes do?

Answer 18

oxidise long chain fatty acids

Question 19

What type of filament is actin?

Answer 19

microfilament

Question 20

Describe how actin helps support cells

Answer 20

Forms a bracing mesh under the cell membrane

Question 21

What does G-actin polymerise to form?

Answer 21

F-actin

Question 22

What is the diameter of actin?

Answer 22

5nm

Question 23

What is the diameter of an intermediate filament?

Answer 23

10 nm

Question 24

What is the function of intermediate filaments in the cytosketeton?

Answer 24

spread tensile forces through tissues

Question 25

In which cell type will you find cytokeratins?

Answer 25

Epithelial cells

Question 26

In which cell type will you find Desmin?

Answer 26

myocytes

Question 27

In which cell type will you find glial fibrillary acidic protein?

Answer 27

astrocytic glial cells

Question 28

In which cell type will you find neurofilament protein?

Answer 28

neurons

Question 29

In which cell type will you find nuclear laminin?

Answer 29

Nuclei of all cells

Question 30

In which cell type will you find vimentin?

Answer 30

mesodermal cells

Question 31

What colour is lipofuscin?

Answer 31

orange-brown

Question 32

What is the main component of lipofuscin?

Answer 32

phospholipids

Question 33

where in the cell would you find lipofuscin?

Answer 33

the cytoplasm

Question 34

In what age group would you find more lipofuscin?

Answer 34

elderly

Question 35

lipofuscin is common in which organs in the elderly?

Answer 35

heart and liver

Question 36

How are lipids stored in cells?

Answer 36

non-membrane-bound vacuoles

Question 37

In what cell type will you find large fat vacuoles?

Answer 37

adipocytes

Question 38

In what cell type in the liver can lipid accumulate?

Answer 38

hepatocytes

Question 39

Why does lipid appear as empty space in histological sections?

Answer 39

fat is dissolved in processing

Question 40

What is glycogen a polymer of?

Answer 40

glucose

Question 41

What is the diameter of tubulin?

Answer 41

25nm

Question 42

What does tubulin polymerise to form?

Answer 42

microtubules

Question 43

What comprises chromatin?

Answer 43

nuclear DNA + Histones