Introduction to histology Flashcards
Describe the main function of the RER
protein synthesis
Describe what happens to the newly made proteins in the RER
Enter smooth ER
Transported to golgi
Which organelles is the site of membrane lipid synthesis?
smooth ER
Where are proteins processed?
smooth ER
What is the function of the golgi apparatus
processes macromolecules
In what cell type is the golgi apparatus particularly prominent?
plasma cell
Describe the orientation of the cis face of the golgi apparatus
nuclear facing
Which organelle phosphorylates some proteins?
golgi apparatus
what is the function of the medial golgi?
forms complex oligosccharides
In which part of the golgi does proteolysis occur?
trans golgi network
In which part of the golgi apparatus are macromolecules sorted into vesicles?
trans golgi network
Where are lysosomes derived from?
the golgi apparatus
In which vesicle, derived from the golgi apparatus, are proteins degraded?
lysosomes
Lysosomes are formed from the fusion of which vesicles?
hydrolase vesicles and endosomes
What do lysosomes contain that allows them to degrade proteins?
acid hydrolases
Describe the pH inside a lysosome
low (pH5)
Why is the pH low inside lysosomes?
H+-ATPase
What do peroxisomes do?
oxidise long chain fatty acids
What type of filament is actin?
microfilament
Describe how actin helps support cells
Forms a bracing mesh under the cell membrane
What does G-actin polymerise to form?
F-actin
What is the diameter of actin?
5nm
What is the diameter of an intermediate filament?
10 nm
What is the function of intermediate filaments in the cytosketeton?
spread tensile forces through tissues
In which cell type will you find cytokeratins?
Epithelial cells
In which cell type will you find Desmin?
myocytes
In which cell type will you find glial fibrillary acidic protein?
astrocytic glial cells
In which cell type will you find neurofilament protein?
neurons
In which cell type will you find nuclear laminin?
Nuclei of all cells
In which cell type will you find vimentin?
mesodermal cells
What colour is lipofuscin?
orange-brown
What is the main component of lipofuscin?
phospholipids
where in the cell would you find lipofuscin?
the cytoplasm
In what age group would you find more lipofuscin?
elderly
lipofuscin is common in which organs in the elderly?
heart and liver
How are lipids stored in cells?
non-membrane-bound vacuoles
In what cell type will you find large fat vacuoles?
adipocytes
In what cell type in the liver can lipid accumulate?
hepatocytes
Why does lipid appear as empty space in histological sections?
fat is dissolved in processing
What is glycogen a polymer of?
glucose
What is the diameter of tubulin?
25nm
What does tubulin polymerise to form?
microtubules
What comprises chromatin?
nuclear DNA + Histones
