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Tissues > Introduction to histology > Flashcards

Introduction to histology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main tissue types?

A

Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscle

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2
Q

What is histology?

A

The microscopic study of normal cells and tissues

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3
Q

What is pathology?

A

The microscopic study of diseased cells and tissues

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4
Q

What disease is caused by dysplastic squamous cells degrading the basement membrane?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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5
Q

What are 2 ways tissue samples are illuminated?

A

Light or electron microscope

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6
Q

What microscope reveals basic cellular structure?

A

Light microscope

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7
Q

What microscope can reveal ultrastructure?

A

Electron microscope

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8
Q

What are the 6 steps of acquiring a thin tissue sample?

A
  1. Specimen collection
  2. Fixation
  3. Dehydration
  4. Embedding
  5. Sectioning
  6. Staining
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9
Q

What are three examples of biopsies?

A

Incision biopsy (skin)

Needle biopsy (organs)

Endoscopic biopsy (tube with light inside body cavity)

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10
Q

What is the purpose of the fixation stage?

A

To preserve the structural arrangement between cells and prevents tissue decomposition by terminating all biochemical reactions

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11
Q

Give an example of a substance used in fixation.

A

Formaldehyde

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12
Q

Why is the dehydration stage necessary?

A

To remove water from tissue, as water is not soluble in paraffin embedding.

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13
Q

At what rate is water removed during dehydration and why?

A

Gradually to prevent distortion

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14
Q

How is water removed during dehydration?

A

Using series of graded alcohols

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15
Q

Why is embedding a necessary stage?

A

Tissue must be supported to allow very thin sections to be cut

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16
Q

What 2 materials are most commonly used in embedding?

A

Paraffin wax and resin

17
Q

What 2 substances is paraffin incompatible with?

A

Water and alcohol

18
Q

What is alcohol replaced with in order to be compatible with paraffin?

A

Xylene

19
Q

What is used to section specimens during the sectioning stage?

A

A microtome

20
Q

Most stains for light microscopy are ___1__ and are not compatible with ___2___

A
  1. Aqueous

2. Paraffin

21
Q

What must take place in order for the tissue to be stained?

A

Reversal of dehydration to remove paraffin wax and replace with water

22
Q

What is the most common stain?

A

Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)

23
Q

What colour does Haematoxylin stain acidic structures? (nuclei)

A

Blue/purple

24
Q

What colour does Eosin stain basic structures? (proteins)

A

Red/pink

25
Q

What does PAS stain?

A

Complex carbohydrates magenta

26
Q

What does Masson trichrome stain?

A

Connective tissues

Tissues (8 decks)

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