Introduction to haematological malignancies Flashcards
What is the most common childhood malignancy?
acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
How much cancer is haematological?
haematological malignancies make up 11% of all cancers
Which adult gender is more commonly affected by haematological cancer?
males > females
How do haematological malignancies occur?
they occur via ACQUIRED mutations, they are not congenital.
You can’t pass haematological malignancies on to children.
Mutations occur in what type of cell?
It most be a long lasting cell - like a stem cell.
What factors predispose you to genetic mutations?
Radiation
Downs syndrome
Other genetic abnormalities
Chemotherapy
What are myeloid malignancies?
All of the blood cancers involving red blood cells, platelets, monocytes and neutrophils.
What are lymphoid malignancies?
all of the cancers involving B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and plasma cells.
Where do most haematological cancers arise?
In the haematopoetic stem cell (an immature stem cell that can mature into any type of blood cell).
what is the most common type of leukaemia?
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
What is the pre leukaemia syndrome called?
Myelodysplastic syndromes
What is the difference between leukaemia and lymphoma?
Leukaemia - if the disease is found predominantly in the bone marrow and blood
lymphoma - if a disease is found predominantly in the lymph nodes or other organs
Why are different diseases called either leukaemia or lymphomas?
The different haematological cancers can be EITHER leukaemia or lymphoma - they are only named after where they are most commonly found.
Are leukaemia or lymphomas more common?
lymphomas > leukaemias
Which type of cell is most commonly associated with lymphoma cancer?
B cell lymphoma 90%
T cell lymphoma 10%
