Introduction To Glands - Lecture 5 Flashcards
What is the definition of a gland?
An epithelial cell or an aggregate of epithelial cells which are specialised for the secretion of a substance.
What are the stages of secretion?
Production and release of materials (by a cell or aggregate of cells)
What is autocrine secretion?
The molecules act of the same cells that produced them.
Paracrine means they act of nearby cells
How do glands regulation human physiology?
Mainly by receiving signals from the brain (CNS), but can also from circulating chemicals or neighbouring cells.
How are glands normally classified?
- Structure
2. How there products are released
What is the difference between and endocrine and an exocrine gland?
Endocrine glands do not have a duct
Who do endocrine glands secrete hormones?
Straight into the blood so Nora,l act on something further away in the body
What type of gland is the pituitary and where is it situated?
Endocrine gland, found bellow the hypothalamus.
What is the pituitary glands divided into?
Anterior and posterior regions of the gland
What glands are produced in the anterior part of the pituitary gland?
ACTH (released in response to stress)
LH (luteinising hormone - can stimulate ovulation or testosteroneproduction)
FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone - regulates development, growth, pubertal maturity)
TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone - stimulates metabolism)
Prolactin - stimulates milk production
Somatotropin - regulates growth of body and tissues
What hormones does the posterior part of the pituitary gland produce?
Vasopressin (and anti- diuretic hormone) - prevents water loss from the kidney
Oxytocin - signals uterus for delivery and gestation and ejection of milk during breast feeding
What type of glands are the thyroid and parathyroid gland?
Endocrine
What does the thyroid gland produce?
T3 and T4 which control metabolism of calcitonin, are involved in calcium homeostasis
What does parathyroid hormone do?
It is involved in calcium homeostasis.
What are the secretions from exocrine glands made up of?
Mainly lubricants and enzymes
What type of gland is the salivary gland what does it produce?
Exocrine - secretes saliva for partial digestion of food and lubrication
What type of gland is the pancreas what does it produce?
Exocrine - secretes enzymes; amylase, trypsin and lipase.
These digest carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
What type of gland is the mammary gland what does it produce?
Exocrine - Colostrum and milk in response to oxytocin and prolactin
What type of gland is the sweat gland what does it produce?
Exocrine - secretes sweat which regulates body temperature
What type of gland is the sebaceous gland what does it produce?
Exocrine - secretes sebum onto the skin and ear to protect these tissues from pathogens