Endocrine Tissues - Lecture 6 Flashcards
Which organs contain endocrine cells?
Thymus, Heart, Liver, Stomach, Kidney, Small intestine
What are the major endocrine glands? (10)
Hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid (behind thyroid), pancreas, kidneys, adrenal glands , ovaries, testes
What are the scientific names for pituitary, anterior part and posterior part?
Hypophysis
Adenophypophysis
Neurohypophysis
Where is the the thyroid gland located?
It is anterior to the trachea and has 2 lobes
Where is the parathyroid gland located?
On the dorsal (back) surface of the thyroid
Where are the adrenal glands located?
On the top of each kidney.
Where is the pancreas located?
To the left of and behind the stomach, in the left part of the duodenum, in the crook (head is on the right and tail is on the left and touches the spleen)
What are the 4 types of hormones?
Peptide hormones
Steroid hormones
Catecholamines
Thyroid hormones
Which hormones are derived from amino-acids?
Catecholamines and thyroid hormones
Give examples of peptide hormones (6)
Insulin, glucagon, prolactin, ACTH, PTH, gastrin
How are peptide hormones synthesised and stored?
Made in advance and stored in vesicles
How are steroid hormones synthesised and stored?
Synthesised on demand by precursors
How are catecholamines and thyroid hormones synthesised and stored?
Made in advance and stored in secretory vesicles
Which hormone types are transported through the blood by being bound to proteins?
Thyroid hormones and steroid hormones
Give some examples of steroid hormones (5)
Oestrogen, androgens, aldosterone, progesterone, cortisol
Give 2 examples of catecholamines
Adrenaline and noradrenaline
Give 2 examples of thyroid hormones
Thyroxine (T4)
Trilogothyronine (T3)
How does the hypothalamus act in the pituitary gland?
Neurones from the hypothalamus go directly into the posterior lobe and release the hormones into it.
The anterior lobe is indirectly controlled through release of regulatory hormones which pass through a portal system
Which gland does the hypothalamus have direct control over?
The adrenal gland
Why is there always a small concentration of pituitary hormones in the blood?
Because the pituitary hormones are all subject to regulated and constitutive merocrine secretion.
What happens in hypothyroidism?
There are low levels of T3 and T4 and high levels of TSH
, because of the feedback loop which causes more TSH to be produced in order to try stimulate the production of T3 and T4
What happens in hyperthyroidism?
There are high levels of T3 and T4, and low levels of TSH due to the negative feedback loop which stops TSH being secreted as there is already enough in the blood
