Introduction to General Pathology Flashcards
a field that talks about the mechanisms of cells when exposed to injurious stimulus or high level stress
general pathology
field that covers the mode of cell adaptation when it comes to changes in the environment
general pathology
group of cells that developed during embryonic development
germ layer
layers of the germ layer (inner to outer)
endoderm
mesoderm
ectoderm
forms the inner lining of the organs
endoderm
examples of endoderm
[PL - pl hall]
pancreatic cells
lung cells
develops into the organs
mesoderm
examples of mesoderm
[CRT - cr ta]
cardiac, skeletal, smooth muscle cells
RBC
tubule cells of the kidney
forms the exoskeleton
ectoderm
examples of ectoderm
[PNS]
pigment cells
neuron of the brain
skin cells of the epidermis
types of tissue
[CEMN - cmon]
connective
epithelial
muscular
nervous
type of tissue that provides protection and covering; found on the skin and lining of organs
epithelial
connects tissue to bone, tendon, and ligaments to supply nutrients
connective
3 types of muscular tissue
skeletal
cardiac
smooth
involved in transmitting signals to the brain
nervous
main focus in histology
looking at normal tissues to identify the appearance of an abnormal one
pathology comes from the greek words ____ and ____ which means study of suffering or disease
pathos and logos
its main purpose is identifying the underlying cause of death
histopathology
father of modern pathology
Rudolf Virchow
father of medicine
Hippocrates
he started autopsy
Rudolf Virchow
4 humors
black bile
yellow bile
blood
phlegm
most important personnel in the lab
pathologist
main role of pathologist
perform gross pathology
4 divisions in the lab
[GAMS]
gross
autopsy
microscopic
surgical
changes in the tissue that can be seen by the naked eye
gross
what is examined in gross pathology
color
size
consistency
2 branches under microscopic
clinical pathology
anatomical pathology
composed of processes involving the use of body fluids, tissues, excretions, exudates, transudates
clinical pathology
removal of an organ/tissue for examination/diagnosis
anatomical pathology
processing the living tissues from a living individual
surgical
performed usually when the cause of death is suspicious
autopsy
another term for autopsy
post-mortem
any change from a state of health as a result of certain forms of stimuli and stress
disease
4 aspects of a disease process
[CEMP]
clinical manifestations
etiology
morphologic and molecular changes
pathogenesis
when this is disturbed, disease will start
homeostasis
how do normal cells handle demands
through homeostasis
changes made by the cell in response to environmental changes
adaptation
types of cell adaptation
successful
- goes back to normal
unsuccessful
- leads to cell injury
altered cell structure or function
cell injury
causes of cell injury
[DIE]
deprivation of essential nutrients
inability to adapt
exposure to injurious stimuli
possible results of cell injury
reversible
- mild; back to normal
irreversible
- severe; cell death
types of cell death
necrosis
- sudden death (burst)
apoptosis
- programmed cell death (physiologic)
RBC life span
120 days
self-eating
autophagy
cell asks for nutrients from other cells
intracellular accumulation of substances
tissue hardens in response to stress/injurious stimulus; high level of calcium
pathologic calcification
cell becomes old
cellular aging
