Cellular Adaptation Flashcards
5 types of adaptation
hypertrophy
atrophy
hyperplasia
metaplasia
dysplasia
increase/decrease cell size
hypertrophy/atrophy
change from once cell type to another
metaplasia
increase cell count
hyperplasia
abnormalities of cell development
dysplasia
occurs in cells incapable of dividing; pathologic or physiologic
hypertrophy
types of hypertrophy
true, false, compensatory
stimulated by hormone
true hypertrophy
excessive accumulation of metabolites
false hypertrophy
occur in paired organs
compensatory
adaptive response of cells that are capable of replication
hyperplasia
hyperplasia can occur together with hypertrophy
types of physiologic hyperplasia
hormonal and compensatory
endometrial hyperplasia
pathologic
due to decreased protein synthesis and increased protein degradation
atrophy
examples of pathologic atrophy
[VAS]
vascular atrophy
atrophy of disuse
starvation
loss of endocrine hormone stimulation
atrophy
hydronephrosis
pressure atrophy
explain hydronephrosis
blockage of ureter -> pressure in renal pelvis -> decrease in blood flow -> atrophy
to withstand adverse environment
metaplasia
types of metaplasia
epithelial
connective
smoking
metaplasia
barret’s esophagus
metaplasia
pregnancy and puberty
hyperplasia
cell maturation and differentiation are delayed
dysplasia
dysplasia is an indication of
neoplastic process
earliest identification of cancer
dysplasia
cells are unequal
anisocytosis
abnormally shaped
poikilocytosis
darkly pigmented; increased RNA
hyperchromatism
unusual number of dividing cells
presence of mitotic figures
