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Histopathology Lec > Cellular Injury and Cell Death > Flashcards

Cellular Injury and Cell Death Flashcards

1
Q

causes of cellular injury

A

[PHINGIC]
physical agents
hypoxia
infectious agents
nutritional imbalances
genetic abnormalities
immunologic reactions
chemical agents

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2
Q

morphologic alterations in cell injury

A

generalized swelling of cells and organelles
blebbing of plasma membrane
detachment of ribosomes from ER
clumping of nuclear chromatin

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3
Q

earliest manifestation of cell injury

A

generalized swelling of cells and organelles

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4
Q

plasma membrane protrudes due to

A

increased free radicals

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5
Q

nucleus in apoptosis

A

fragmentation into nucleosome-size fragments

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6
Q

pyknosis

A

clumping

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7
Q

karyorrhexis

A

fragmentation

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8
Q

karyolysis

A

dissolution

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9
Q

marker for cells undergoing apoptosis

A

caspases

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10
Q

cysteine proteases that can cleave aspartic acid residue

A

caspases

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11
Q

benefits of a necrosis death

A

none

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12
Q

types of necrosis according to location/extent

A

focal
massive

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13
Q

types of necrosis according to morphology

A

[CLGCFF]
coagulative
liquefactive
gangrenous
caseous
fat
fibrinoid

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14
Q

tissue is firm; eosinophilic; occurs when vessel is obstructed; infarct; looks dull and dirty/cooked

A

coagulative

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15
Q

viscous, microbial infection pus formation, rapid desolution, digestion of dead cells, creamy yellow, affects the CNS

A

liquefactive

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16
Q

due to ischemia, superimposed with bacterial infection, coagulation + liquid infection

A

gangrenous

17
Q

two types of gangrene

A

dry and wet

18
Q

sterile type, due to arterial occlusion, ischemic, less foul odor, discoloration (black or blood pigments)

A

dry gangrene

19
Q

venous occlusion, foul odor, increase bacterial action + ischemic injury

A

wet gangrene

20
Q

friable white appearance of necrotic area, soft whitish gray debris, TB and granuloma

A

caseous

21
Q

forms an amorphous proteinaceous

A

caseous

22
Q

due to destruction of pancreatic lipase

A

fat

23
Q

splits fat into fatty acids and glycerol without affecting the membrane

A

lipase

24
Q

FATTY ACIDS + CALCIUM =

A

FAT SAPONIFICATION (chalky white areas)

25
Q

acute pancreatitis/mesentery

A

fat

26
Q

kidney

A

coagulative

27
Q

brain

A

liquefactive

28
Q

lungs

A

caseous

29
Q

seen in immune reactions

A

fibrinoid

30
Q

IMMUNE COMPLEX + FIBRIN =

A

FIBRINOID

31
Q

artery

A

fibrinoid

Histopathology Lec (3 decks)

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