Introduction to EBM

Question 1

What is a PICO statement?

Answer 1

This stands for:
Population
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome

Question 2

What are the three major threats to internal validity?

Answer 2

Chance
Confounding
Bias

Question 3

What is chance?

Answer 3

Random Error
Inherent in all measurements
The more there is the less precise the results

Question 4

What is bias?

Answer 4

Any systemic error in a study that results in an incorrect estimate of association between intervention or exposure and the outcome

Probelms with the way a study was designed or conducted where it leads to incorrect results or conclusions

Question 5

What is confounding

Answer 5

When some factors other than the intervention or exposure under study influecnes the observed outcome

Factors must be linked to the exposure and the outcome

(Triangle model)

Question 6

What is external validity?

Answer 6

It relates to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of a study

Ie/ RCT are very specific with who is included and allowed in a study