Introduction to dysphagia Flashcards
Scott’s definition of dysphagia?
Difficulty in swallowing from the time food/liquids enter the oral cavity to the time it enters the stomach.
Odynophagia
Pain with swallowing
Phagophobia
Fear of swallowing
Xerostomia
Dry mouth
Edentulous
Lacking dentition (no teeth or dentures)
Cachexia
Significant loss of appetite in someone who is not actively trying to lose weight
On average, we swallow ___ times a day
2,000
We use __ pairs of muscles to swallow
31
__% of individuals with dysphagia are not entirely aware of the extent of the problem
70
__% of elderly persons find some difficulty in swallowing.
45
__% of individuals in residential or nursing homes find some difficulty in swallowing
65
According to Bloem et al. 1990, dysphagia was NOT related to what (3)? What were better indicators?
age, sex, or MMSE score. (mini mental state exam)
Disorders of CNS & esophageal stenosis more of an indicator.
What did Kayser-Jones et al. 1999 discover about referrals for dysphagia evaluations?
Only 22% of patients in XX facility were referred for a dysphagia eval.
Explain the difference between a feeding disorder and a swallowing disorder.
Feeding: Placement of food in the mouth. Occupational Therapists deal w/ this.
Swallowing: Begins once food enters the mouth. Usually SLPs deal w/ this.
*In pediatrics, there is a gray area. Some OTs include the oral phases as part of “Feeding”.
List the dysphagia research areas (3)
Normal Physiology
Disordered Physiology
Evaluation and Treatment
Explain the difference between a dysphagia Screening vs. Evaluation
Screening: Identifies signs and symptoms of dysphagia. The outcome should be whether to proceed to an evaluation or not. “Problem or not?”
Evaluation: Defines anatomy and physiology. The outcome includes formal recommendations.
Describe the 3 oz water test
Individuals are required to drink 3 ounces of water without interruption. Those who stop, cough, choke, or show a wet-hoarse voice quality during the test or for one minute afterward are considered to have failed. Failure = referral for dysphagia eval.
What are some signs/symptoms of dysphagia (7)?
Leakage of food/secretions out of mouth Pocketing of food Coughing at meals Throat clearing Wet voice quality during meals Report of food “sticking” Watery eyes while eating
What are some Complications of Dysphagia (7)?
Weight loss Poor nutrition Chest infection Pneumonia Choking More likely to require Heimlich Maneuver Death
