Cause and Effect

Question 1

Weak LABIAL strength/mobility (3)

Answer 1

1. Pocketing of food
2. Difficulty taking food from utensils
3. Anterior food leakage

Question 2

Weak LINGUAL strength/mobility/ROM (4)

Answer 2

1. Difficulty forming a bolus
2. Pocketing in anterior and lateral sulcci
3. Lingual stasis (residue)
4. Premature spillage into pharyngeal area

Question 3

Poor dentition condition (1)

Answer 3

decreased ability to break down food

Question 4

Decreased jaw excursion/closure (reduced jaw ROM aka trismus) (2)

Answer 4

1. Poor lip closure

2. Poor mastication

Question 5

Poor tongue mobility/control (3)

Answer 5

1. tongue pumping
2. increased oral transit time
3. tongue thrusting

Question 6

Poor velo-pharyngeal closure

when velum meets pharyngeal wall

Answer 6

1. nasal regurgitation

2. nasal penetration

Question 7

Swallow Delay: 2 effects, and 1 strategy

Answer 7

Effects:

1. penetration
2. aspiration

Strategy:
1. Chin tuck

Question 8

Decreased posterior TONGUE retraction: 2 effects, 3 strategies

Answer 8

Effects:

1. Poor sub glottal pressure
2. Residue coating the base of the TONGUE

Strategies:

1. Hard swallow
2. Repeat/extra swallows
3. alternate liquids and solids

Question 9

Decreased PHARYNGEAL wall contraction: 2 Effects, 3 strategies

Answer 9

Effects:

1. Poor supra-glottal pressure
2. Residue coating the PHARYNGEAL wall

Strategies:

1. Hard swallow
2. Repeat/extra swallows
3. alternate liquids and solids

Question 10

Decreased LARYNGEAL elevation: 2 Effects

Answer 10

Effects:

1. Poor epiglottic inversion which results in residue in vallevulae, and decreased airway protection.
2. Poor crico-pharyngeal opening which results in residue in pyriform sinuses and/or back flow of material into pharyngeal vestibule.

Question 11

Decreased LARYNGEAL elevation: 2 strategies

Answer 11

For epiglottic inversion: hard swallow, repeat/extra swallow with head turns, alternate solids w/ liquids, initial swallow w/ head turns, super supra-glottic swallow

For crico-pharyngeal opening: same, but sub supra-glottic swallow with mendelsohn maneuver

Question 12

Decreased hyoid excursion

Answer 12

Same as decreased laryngeal elevation bc, you know, they’re, like, related.

Question 13

Decreased epiglottic inversion: 1 effect, 3 strategies

Answer 13

Effect: Residue in valleculae

strategies:
1. Hard swallows
2. extra/repeat swallows w/ head turns
2. alternate solids with liquids

Question 14

Poor vocal fold closure: 2 effects, 1 strategy.

Answer 14

Effects:

1. decreased airway protection
2. decreased supra-glottic pressure

Strategy: Super supra-glottic swallow

Question 15

Poor crico-pharyngeal opening

Answer 15

Effects:

1. Residue in pyriform sinuses
2. Backflow of material from CP

Strategies:

1. hard swallow
2. repeat/extra swallows
3. alternate solids and liquids
4. shaker exercises

Question 16

Unilateral pharyngeal weakness: 1 effect, 3 strategies

Answer 16

Effect: More residue on one side

Strategies:

1. Head turns
2. repeat/extra swallows
3. alternate solids w/ liquids