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MCBG > Introduction To DNA > Flashcards

Introduction To DNA Flashcards

1
Q

Heterochromatin

A

Dark part of nucleus
Genes not expressed
DNA in solenoid

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2
Q

Euchromatin

A

Light part in nucleus
Genes expressed
Beads on a string

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3
Q

DNA packaging

A

DNA wound around histone core of nucleosome
Joined together by linker DNA of nucleosome
Beads on a string then made into a solenoid

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4
Q

Genes

A

Carry code for proteins
Have chromosomal location (stretch of gene)
Have about 25,000 genes

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5
Q

Genome

A 
Entries DNA sequence
24 chromosomes (22 plus 2 sex chromosomes)
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6
Q

DNA structure - Nucleotide

A

Base
Ribose sugar
Phosphate

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7
Q

DNA structure - Nucleoside

A

Base

Ribose sugar

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8
Q

Purines

A

2 rings

Adenine and guanine

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9
Q

Pyrimidine

A

1 ring
Cytosine
Thymine

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10
Q

Polynucleotide

A

Nucleotides joined by phosphodiester bond

5’ (P) to 3’ (OH)

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11
Q

Base pairing

A

Amine group of base of one nucleotide forms H bonds with C=O of base of opposite nucleotide

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12
Q

Base pairing

A

G-C has 3 H bonds
A-T has 2 H bonds
A-U has 2 H bonds

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13
Q

Secondary structure

A

Strands are complementary and anti-parallel

Right handed double helix

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14
Q

Cell cycle

A

Cell division
G1 - cell content replication
S - DNA replication
G2 - double check and repair

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15
Q

DNA replication

A 
Semi-conservative model
Catalysed by DNA polymerase
2 phosphates are released for each nucleotide added
Driven by pyrophosphate hydrolysis
Chain growth 5’ to 3’
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16
Q

DNA replication - initiation

A

Uses DNA polymerase
Requires kick start from primase
Reads 3’ to 5’

17
Q

DNA replication - elongation

A

DNA polymerase moves along template strand and a new strand is formed
Lagging strand formed in Okazaki fragments to ensure 5’ to 3’
DNA ligase joins Okazaki fragments
Helicase unwinds

18
Q

DNA replication - termination

A

Many replication forks along DNA

When 2 facing replication forks meet, DNA ligase joins final fragments

MCBG (20 decks)

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