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2ND YEAR SYSTEMS: Dermatology > Introduction to dermatology > Flashcards

Introduction to dermatology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis? (5)

A 
From superficial to deep:
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum 
Stratum granulosum 
Stratum spinosum 
Stratum basale
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2
Q

What are Langerhans cells?

A

Part of the dendritic cell family

They are involved in antigen presentation (process them) and they migrate to lymph nodes to induce an immune response

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3
Q

What are the 3 layers of skin called?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)

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4
Q

Function of subcutaneous tissue

A

Fat energy store
Insulation
Fibrous bands anchor skin to fascia

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5
Q

What does the dermis contain?

A 
Contains nerve endings
Oil
Sweat glands
Hair follicles 
Also has fibroblasts, dermal dendritic cells and macrophages
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6
Q

What are melanocytes

A

Cells located in the stratum basale that make melanosomes (collections of melanin).

These are excreted and phagocytosed into keratinocytes where they sit above the nucleus

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7
Q

What is the active hair growing phase called?

A

Anagen

80-90% of hair

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8
Q

What happens in the Catagen phase in the hair cycle

A

2-3 week phase where growth stops/follicle shrinks

1-3% of hairs

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9
Q

Telogen phase of hair cycle

A

Resting phase for 1-4 months

up to 10% of hairs in a normal scalp

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10
Q

Functions of the skin (6)

A 
Thermoregulation
Skin immune system
Barrier 
Sensation - temp/touch/pain
Vit D synthesis 
Interpersonal communication
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11
Q

How does skin act as a barrier?

A

Protects against Mechanical, Chemical, microorganisms, UV light

Keeps in water and Electrolytes, Macromolecules

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12
Q

How does the skin synthesise Vitamin D?

A

UV light converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholecalciferol

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13
Q

What is meant by interpersonal communication

A

Your physical appearance, smell and self identity

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14
Q

What % of derm patients are in primary vs secondary care

A

3% see a dermatologist

17% are looked after in primary care

80% don’t see any doctor about their problem

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15
Q

Importance of skin disease? The 5 D’s

A 
Disfigurement
Discomfort
Disability 
Depression
Death
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16
Q

External causes of skin disease (5)

A 
Temperature
UV
Chemical (allergen or irritant)
Infection
Trauma
17
Q

Internal causes of skin disease (4)

A

Systemic
Genetics
Drugs
Infection

18
Q

What is Photo-sensitivity?

A

An extreme sensitivity to UVA, UVB, visible light or a combination of these

Commonly caused by medications

Exposed sites affected

19
Q

Difference between UVA and UVB?

A

Ultraviolet A (UVA) has a longer wavelength, and is associated with skin aging.

Ultraviolet B (UVB) has a shorter wavelength and is associated with skin burning.

20
Q

Cold injuries to the skin (4)

A

Frostbite
Skin necrosis
Cold urticaria
Chillblains - small lesions caused by the inflammation of tiny blood vessels after exposure to cold air

21
Q

What is cold urticaria?

A

hives (urticaria) or large red welts form on the skin after exposure to a cold stimulus

22
Q

What is Bullous Pemphigoid?

A

An autoimmune skin disease - may form blisters

23
Q

Define the term ‘Macule’

A

Small circumscribed (confined) area

24
Q

Define the term ‘Patch’

A

Larger circumscribed area

25
Q

Define the term ‘Papule’

A

Small raised area

26
Q

Define the term ‘Plaque’

A

Larger raised area

27
Q

Define the term ‘Vesicle’

A

Small fluid filled

28
Q

Define the term ‘Bulla’

A

Large fluid filled

29
Q

Define the term ‘Pustule’

A

Small pus filled

30
Q

Define the term ‘Abscess’

A

Large pus filled

31
Q

Define the term ‘Erosion’

A

Loss of epidermis

32
Q

Define the term ‘Ulcer’

A

Loss of epidermis and dermis

33
Q

What are the most common skin conditions (10)

A 
Acne
Psoriasis
Rosacea 
Skin lesions
Urticaria
Warts
Leg ulcers
Scalp/nail disorders
Eczema
Infections/infestations
34
Q

Eruptive xanthoma can be caused by which condition

A

Hyperlipidaemia

35
Q

What is Acanthosis Nigricans

A

A brown to black, poorly defined, velvety hyperpigmentation of the skin. It is usually found in body folds (flexural disrtibution)

Associated with insulin resistance, obesity or malignancy

36
Q

Thyroid skin disease

A

Pretibial myxoedema

5% of Grave’s disease

Same process occurs behind the eyes - mucinosis

37
Q

What investigations can be done if a bacterial skin infection is suspected (2)

A

Charcoal swab

Microscopy, culture and sensitivity (MC&S)

38
Q

What investigations can be done if a viral skin infection is suspected (3)

A

Viral swab for PCR

Can swab vesicle/bulla if vesicular eruption

If systemic illness, can take throat swab

39
Q

What investigations can be done if a fungal skin infection is suspected (4)

A

Skin scraping

Nail clipping

Hair sample

Fungal cultures

2ND YEAR SYSTEMS: Dermatology (11 decks)

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