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Dermatology > Introduction to dermatology > Flashcards

Introduction to dermatology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What does adnexa mean?

A

Adnexa - the appendages of an organ

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2
Q

What are the 3 main layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

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3
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

A 
o	Stratum corneum
o	Stratum lucidum
o	Stratum granulosum
o	Stratum spinosum
o	Stratum basale
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4
Q

What are the 3 hair stages in the hair growth cycle?

A

Anagen
– Active growing phase
– 80-90% of hairs

Catagen
– 2–3 week phase growth stops/follicle shrinks
– 1–3% of hairs

Telogen
– Resting phase for 1–4 months
– Up to 10% of hairs in a normal scalp

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5
Q

What % of hair is in anagen?

A

80-90%

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6
Q

What % of hair is in catagen?

A

1-3%

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7
Q

What % of hair is in telogen?

A

10%

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8
Q

What are the 6 functions of the skin?

A

Thermoregulation - Insulation, Heat transfer

Skin immune system - Innate and Adaptive functions

Barrier - Protects against Mechanical, Chemical, microorganisms, Ultraviolet light. Keeps in water and Electrolytes, Macromolecules

Sensation - Temperature, touch and pain

Vitamin D synthesis - UV light converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholecalciferol

Interpersonal Communication - Physical appearance, smell, self -identity

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9
Q

What % of the population have skin disease?

A

22-30%

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10
Q

Why is skin disease so important?

5 Ds

A
  • Disfigurement
  • Discomfort
  • Disability
  • Depression
  • Death
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11
Q

What are the two classes of causative agents for skin disease?

A

External
– Temperature, UV, chemical (allergen or irritant), infection, trauma

Internal
– Systemic disease, genetics, drugs, infection, AI disease

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12
Q

What is dermatitis artefacta?

A

Self inflicted skin lesions

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13
Q

What is a macule?

A

Macule - small (<5mm) circumscribed area (area of discolouration)

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14
Q

What is a patch?

A

Patch - larger (>5mm) circumscribed area (area of discolouration)

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15
Q

What is a papule?

A

Papule - small (<5mm) raised area

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16
Q

What is a plaque?

A

Plaque - larger (>5mm) raised area

17
Q

What is a nodule?

A

A nodule is a large circumscribed swelling within the surface of the skin

18
Q

What is a tumour?

A

The term tumour also means swelling similar to a nodule, but has acquired the specific implication of a growth of new cells, either benign or malignant

19
Q

What is a vesicle?

A

Vesicle - small (<5mm) fluid filled lesion

20
Q

What is a bulla?

A

Bulla - large (>5mm) fluid filled lesion

21
Q

What is a pustule?

A

Pustule - small (<5mm) pus filled lesion

22
Q

What is an abscess?

A

Abscess - large (>5mm) pus filled lesion

23
Q

Define erosion

A

Loss of epidermis

24
Q

Define ulcer

A

Loss of epidermis and dermis

25
Q

Describe urticaria

A

Hives, also known as urticaria, is a kind of skin rash with red, raised, itchy bumps. They may also burn or sting.

26
Q

Describe bullous pemphigoid

A

Bullous pemphigoid is an acute or chronic autoimmune skin disease, involving the formation of blisters, more appropriately known as bullae, at the space between the epidermis and dermis skin layers. It is classified as a type II hypersensitivity reaction, with the formation of anti-hemidesmosome antibodies

27
Q

Describe Leukocytoclastic vasculitis

A

Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV), also known as hypersensitivity vasculitis and hypersensitivity angiitis, is a histopathologic term commonly used to denote a small-vessel vasculitis

28
Q

List some skin diseases associated with hypersensitivity reactions

A

Bullous pemphigoid

Leukocytoclastic vasculitis

29
Q

What conditions can be aided in diagnosis by cutaneous signs?

A 
o	Erythema Nodosum
o	Sarcoidosis
o	Vasculitis
o	Malignancy
o	Auto-immune conditions
30
Q

What condition can be suspected if eruptive xanthoma is seen on the skin?

A

Hyperlipidaemia

31
Q

What conditions can be linked to Acanthosis Nigricans?

A

Insulin resistance
Obesity
Malignancy

32
Q

Describe pretibial myxoedema and what diseases it might be seen in

A

Pretibial myxedema is an infiltrative dermopathy, resulting as a rare complication of Graves’ disease

33
Q

What investigations would be carried out if a bacterial infection of the skin is suspected?

A

Charcoal swab

Ask for MC&S
• Microscopy
• Culture
• Sensitivities

34
Q

What investigations would be carried out if a viral infection of the skin is suspected?

A

o Viral swab for PCR
o Can swab vesicle/bulla if vesicular eruption
o If systemic illness, can take throat swab

35
Q

What investigations would be carried out if a fungal infection of the skin is suspected?

A

o Skin scraping
o Nail clipping
o Hair sample
o Fungal cultures

36
Q

How are skin biopsies taken?

A

Punch biopsy

Dermatology (12 decks)

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