Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dermatology > Dermatology Pharmacology and Prescription > Flashcards

Dermatology Pharmacology and Prescription Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What % of hospital admissions are due to ADRs?

A

3-6% (with half of these being preventable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define “off labels” medications

A

A licensed medication that is being used for an unlicensed indication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define “specials” medication

A

– Unlicensed dermatological preparations

– Long history of use, no strong evidence base but clinically effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List some causes of prescription error

A
  • Lack of knowledge - About patient/medication/ allergies
  • Mistake writing/generating the prescription
  • Poor communication
  • No local or national guidelines
  • Pharmacy/medicine info service
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define pharmacology

A

The branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects, and modes of action of drugs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define pharmacokinetics

A

The effect of the body on the drug (ADME)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define pharmacodynamics

A

The effect of the drug on the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 4 main principles underlying pharmacokinetics?

A

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What can cause variation in pharmacokinetics?

A 
Individual variation in response
Think about
–	Age of patient
–	Pregnancy risk
–	Drug interactions
–	Pharmacogenetics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some factors associated with poor adherence?

A
  • Psychiatric co-morbidities
  • Slower acting agents
  • Multiple applications per day
  • Lack of patient education
  • Cosmetic acceptability of treatments
  • Unintentional non-adherence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a drug vehicle?

A

Vehicle: pharmacologically inert, physically and chemically stable substance that carries the active drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What factors affect absorption?

A
  • Concentration
  • Base/vehicle
  • Chemical properties of the drug
  • Thickness and hydration of stratum corneum
  • Temperature
  • Skin site
  • Occlusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What forms can a drug vehicle be?

A
  • Solution
  • Paste
  • Cream
  • Spray powder
  • Lotion
  • Shampoo
  • Gel
  • Ointment
  • Foam
  • Paint
  • Tape
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the therapeutic effect of topical steroids?

A

Anti- inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties:
– Regulate pro inflammatory cytokines
– Suppress fibroblast, endothelial + leukocyte function
– Vasoconstriction
– Inhibit vascular permeability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How much is a fingertip unit, and how large is the area that can be treated by one unit?

A
  • About 0.5 g

* Should treat area double the size of one hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What drugs can be given in fingertip units?

A

Topical steroid creams - very useful in children

17
Q

List some side effects of topical steroid creams

A
  • Thinning /atrophy of the skin
  • Striae - stretch marks
  • Bruising
  • Hirsutism - excess hair
  • Telangiectasia (“spider veins”)
  • Acne/rosacea/perioral dermatitis
  • Glaucoma
  • Systemic absorption
  • Cataracts
18
Q

List 3 systemic drug types used in dermatology

A
  • Retinoids
  • Traditional immunosuppressants
  • Biologics (also immunosuppressive)
19
Q

What are retinoids and what is their function?

A

Vitamin A analogues
– Normalise keratinocyte function
– Anti inflammatory and anti cancer effects

20
Q

List 4 retinoid drugs and their indications

A

– Acne isotretinoin
– Psoriasis acitretin
– Cutaneous T cell lymphoma bexarotene
– Hand eczema alitretinoin

21
Q

What retinoid drug is used for acne?

A

Isotretinoin

22
Q

What retinoid drug is used for psoriasis?

A

Acitretin

23
Q

What retinoid drug is used for cutaneous T cell lymphoma?

A

Bexarotene

24
Q

What retinoid drug is used for hand eczema?

A

Alitretinoin

25
Q

What are some contraindications and side effects of retinoids?

A

Teratogenic
– Careful patient selection

Side effects include
– Cheilitis (dry lips) and xerosis (dry skin)
– ↑ transaminases, ↑triglycerides
– Rarely psychiatric, eye and bone side effects

26
Q

List some immunosuppressants and their indication

A 
Treatment of inflammatory skin disorders; includes:
•	Oral steroids
•	Azathioprine
•	Ciclosporin
•	Methotrexate
•	Mycophenolate mofetil
27
Q

What are some risks associated with immunosuppressants?

A

Risk of malignancy and serious infection

Need regular blood test monitoring, in particular
• FBC (esp in methotrexate and azathioprine)
• Renal function (esp ciclosporin)
• Liver function (esp methotrexate)

28
Q

Which immunosuppressants have to be closely monitored in terms of effects on FBC?

A

methotrexate and azathioprine

29
Q

Which immunosuppressant has to be closely monitored in terms of effects on renal function?

A

Cyclosporin

30
Q

Which immunosuppressant has to be closely monitored in terms of effects on liver function?

A

Methotrexate

31
Q

What does the suffix “-cept” mean?

A

Suffix ‘-cept’ indicates that it is a it is a receptor fusion

32
Q

What does the suffix “-mab” mean?

A

Suffix “-mab” is used to denote monoclonal antibodies

33
Q

What does the infix “-zu-“ mean?

A

humanised biologic

34
Q

What does the infix “-ix-“ mean?

A

chimeric biologic

35
Q

What does the infix “-u-“ mean?

A

fully human biologic

36
Q

What does the infix “-li/l-“ mean?

A

immunomodulator biologic

37
Q

List some current licensed biologics for plaque psoriasis in UK

A 
–	Etanercept			
–	Infliximab
–	Adalimumab (Also licensed for hidradenitis suppurativa)	
–	Ustekinumab 
–	Secukinumab 			
–	Ixekizumab
38
Q

What are some risks associated with biologics?

A

Risk of infection
– TB reactivation
– Serious infection
– Avoid live vaccines

Risk of malignancy

TNF inhibitors – risk of demyelination

39
Q

What are biologics?

A

The next generation in treatment of inflammatory conditions
– Genetically engineered proteins derived from human genes
– Designed to inhibit specific components of the immune system
– Very effective, but expensive

Dermatology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions