Introduction To Crime Flashcards
What is criminology?
The study of crime, criminal punishment.
Is crime multifaceted?
Yes
What are the two general perspectives that laid the foundation for criminology?
The classical and positivist schools.
What was the explanation for crime prior to the 18th century?
Supernatural explanations
What are aggravating circumstances?
Aggravating circumstances refers to factors that increases the severity or culpability of a criminal act.
What did cartography focus on?
They pursued the facts of crime like distribution and rates of crime.
Who believed in biological determinism?
Lombroso and Ferrero
Who is the father of the modern criminal justice system?
Cesare Beccaria
Who is the founder of modern Utilitarianism?
Jeremy Bentham
Cesare Beccaria believed punishments should only be severe enough to______?
Ensure security and order
Were rights of offenders considered in Utilitarianism?
No
How were punishments to be given according to Jeremy Bentham’s Utilitarian belief?
Punishments should judged by utility
What was the cause of crime according to the Neo-Classism beliefs?
Free will plus external/internal factors
What school of thought underlies today’s modern justice system?
The Neo-Classicism view
What are mitigating factors?
A mitigating factor is the opposite of an aggravating circumstance, as a mitigating factor provides reasons as to why punishment for a criminal act’s ought to be lessened.
Did Cesare Lambroso agree with the classical theorists?
No. He argued that crime, like illness, was caused not chosen.
Did positivism focus more on the causes of crime or the criminal justice system.
The causes of crime
True or false? Positivists believed crime was caused not chosen.
True
What were the beliefs of Biological determinism?
The criminal was an abnormal or primitive human. Women evolved less than men explaining why they do less crime.
What did Otto Pollack believe about female crime?
He believed female crime was underestimated and that women are devious and deceitful as evidenced by their ability to fake orgasms.
