Introduction to Computing (M: 1 and 2) Flashcards
Offers a foundation that permits graduates to adapt to new technologies and new ideas.
Computer Science
Concerned with the information that computer systems can provide to aid a company, non-profit or governmental organization in defining and achieving its goals.
Information Systems
As a name of an undergraduate degree program, it refers to the preparation of students to meet the computer technology needs of business, government, healthcare, schools, and other kinds of organization.
Information Technology (IT)
Department in business or government agency that employs people in computer-related jobs.
IT Department
What career does E-commerce administrator belong to?
Management
What career does Help desk specialist belong to?
Training
What career does Technical writer belong to?
System development and programming
Manufacturers and distributors of computers and computer-related hardware.
Computer equipment field
Companies that develop, manufacture, and support software.
Computer software field
Someone that analyzes requirements, designs solutions, and oversees software development process.
Project leader
Someone who writes and tests computer programs.
Programmer
Someone who designs and develops software.
Software engineer
Someone who researches, invents, and develops solutions to complex software problems.
Computer scientist
Provides preventative maintenance, component installation, and repair services.
Computer service and repair field
Someone who installs, maintains, and repairs hardware.
Computer technician
They need general understanding of computers and specific knowledge of the product they are selling.
Computer sales people
Individual who draws upon expertise in specialized area of computers.
IT consultant
Programs that emphasize technical knowledge and skills
Computer information systems (CIS)
Programs that stress the theoretical side of programming and operating systems.
Computer science (CS)
Teaches students how to design and develop the electrical components found in computers and peripheral devices.
Computer engineering (CE)
A collection of people with common computer equipment of software interests.
User group
Process of verifying technical knowledge in a particular area.
Certification
What is acknowledged with a certificate.
Proficiency
This provides access to technical information, advanced training, and discounts on publications and tools.
Vendors
How does certification benefit customers?
Receiving better service from employees with certification.
Sometimes called end-user certifications.
Application software certifications
Holders of what certificate are considered highly credible during computer crimes cases?
Computer forensics certifications
Discovery, collection, and analysis of evidence found on computers and networks.
Computer forensics
Focus on particular skills — user operator, system administrator, and system engineer.
Operating systems certifications
Awarded to professionals who demonstrate expertise in planning, installing, managing and troubleshooting a network.
Networking certifications
Measure a candidate’s ability to identify and control security risks to computer resources.
Security certifications
Awarded for knowledge of a specific database management system.
Database system certifications
Refers to computer systems built to mimic human intelligence and perform tasks such as recognition of images, speech, or patterns and decision making.
Artificial Intelligence
It is a subset of AI
Machine Learning
These are some subsets of Machine Learning.
Neural networks, natural language processing (NLP) and Deep learning
It is the use of software to automate business processes and repetitive tasks that people used to do.
Robotic Process Automation (RPA)
It can be described as data you can only add to, not take away from or change and are consensus-driven so no one entity can take control of the data.
Blockchain
Designed to help solve some problems of cloud computing as a way to bypass the latency caused by cloud computing and getting data to a data center for processing.
Edge computing
This immerses the user in an environment.
Virtual Reality
This enhances their environment.
Augment Reality (AR)
This enables devices, home appliances cars and much more to be connected to and exchange data over the Internet.
IoT
It is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory.
Computer
It can perform all of its input, processing, output and storage activities by itself.
Personal computer
They help to keep people informed about the latest developments in the computer industry.
Computer industry publications
This department directs the planning, research, development, evaluation, and integration of technology.
Management
This department analyzes, designs, develops, and implements new information technology and maintains and improves existing systems.
System development and programming
This department evaluates and integrates new technologies, administers the organization’s data resources, and supports the centralized computer operating system and servers.
Technical services
This department operates the centralized computer equipment and administers the network, including both data and voice communications.
Operations
This department teaches employees how to use components of the information system or answers specific questions.
Training
This department develops and enforces policies designed to safeguard data and information from unauthorized users.
Security
The four primary ways to current with computer technology and trends.
1.) Professional organizations and personal networks.
2.) Professional growth and continuing education activities.
3.) Computer publications and Web sites.
4.) Certification.
It is a scientific and educational organization dedicated to advancing knowledge and proficiency of information technology.
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
It is a professional association of programmers, systems analysts, and information processing managers.
Association of Information Technology Professionals (AITP)
It involves having current knowledge and understanding of computers and their users.
Computer literacy
A collection of unprocessed items, which includes text, numbers, images, audio, and video.
Data
Conveys meaning and is useful to people.
Information
The electric, electronic, and mechanical components of a computer called….
Hardware
Allows you to enter data or instructions into a computer.
Input device
Conveys information to one or more people.
Output device
A case that contains the electronic components of a computer that are used to process data.
System Unit
It records and retrieves items to and from storage media.
Storage device
It enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers.
Communications device
Anyone who communicates with a computer or utilizes the information it generates.
User
A collection of computers and devices connected together.
Network
A series of related instructions, organized for a common purpose.
Software
Two types of software.
System and Application
It is a personal computer you can carry from place to place.
Mobile computer
A computer small enough to fit on your lap.
Laptop or notebook computer
A computing device small enough to hold in your hand.
Mobile device
A mobile computing device designed for single player or multiplayer games.
Game console
It controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information.
Server
A large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously.
Mainframe
Fastest, most powerful computers that are capable of processing more than one quadrillion instructions in a single second.
Supercomputer
A special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product.
Embedded computer
What standard game consoles use as an input device.
Handheld controller
Provides personal information management functions such as a calendar, an appointment book, address book, a calculator and a notepad.
PDA or personal digital assistant
A special type of notebook computer that allows you to draw or write on the screen using a digital pen.
Tablet PC
Smartphones are ___________ that usually also provides personal information management.
Internet-enabled
A mobile electronic device that is designed primarily for the purpose of reading digital e-books and periodicals.
E-reader
A handheld computer is sometimes referred to as an _______.
Ultra-Mobile PC (UMPC)
Most major corporations use _________ for business activities.
Mainframes
The most ancient calculating device known.
Abacus
An extremely complex rule that functions as an analog computer.
Slide Rule
Uses a chain of punch cards to instruct the loom on how to make intricate textiles. Invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard.
Jacquard Loom
The Father of Computer
Charles Babbage
Considered to be the concept for the general mechanical Computer.
Analytical engine
Used by the First Generation of Computers.
Are glass tubes with circuits inside and had no air or gas inside.
Vacuum Tubes
meaning of UNIVAC
Universal Automatic Computer
First instance of a computer bug was a….
Moth
Used by Second Generation of Computers.
Used to control the amount of current or voltage or used for amplification/modulation or switching of an electronic signal.
Transistors
What date were Transistors invented?
December 23, 1947
Used by the Third Generation of Computers
Integrated circuits
Used by the Fourth Generation of Computers
Microprocessor
involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer.
Green computing
This is used to interact with the software using text, graphics and visual images such as icons. by
A GUI or graphical user interface
It controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen.
User Interface
The process of setting up software to work with the computer, printer, and other hardware.
Installing
Refers to the use of computers to assist with manufacturing processes such as fabrication and assembly.
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
A family member who uses a computer for a variety of reasons.
Home user
It includes any company with fewer 50 employees.
A small office/home office (SOHO)
Employees and students who work on a computer while away from a main office, home office or school.
Mobile users
Uses a workstation or other powerful computer to work with industry-specific software.
Power user
Works in or interacts with a company with many employees and uses a computer and computer network that processes high volumes of transactions in a single day.
Enterprise user
In finance, People use computers for __________
online banking/online investing
This is a case that contains electronic components of the computer used to
process data.
system unit
This is the main circuit board of the
system unit
motherboard
It is a small piece of semiconducting material, usually silicon, on which integrated circuits are etched.
computer chip
This interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer.
central processing unit (CPU / processor
Processors contain a ___________ that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer.
control unit
