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Introduction to Computing > Introduction to Computer > Flashcards

Introduction to Computer Flashcards

1
Q

is an electronic device, operating under the
control of instructions stored in its own memory

A

Computer

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2
Q

Information Processing Cycle

A
  1. Collects Data (Input)
  2. Processing of Data
  3. Produces information (output)
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3
Q

can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself

A

Personal Computer

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4
Q

Personal computer you can carry from
place to place

A

Mobile
Computer

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5
Q

Computing device small enough to hold
in your hand

A

Mobile Device

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6
Q

is a mobile computing device designed
for single-player or multiplayer video games

A

Game Console

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7
Q

controls access to the hardware, software, and
other resources on a network

A

Server

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8
Q

Provides a centralized storage
area for programs, data, and
information

A

Server

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9
Q

is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of
connected users simultaneously

A

mainframe

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10
Q

is the fastest, most powerful
computer

A

Supercomputer

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11
Q

are capable of processing more than
one quadrillion instructions in a
single second

A

supercomputer

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12
Q

is a special-purpose computer that
functions as a component in a
larger product

A

Embedded Computer

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13
Q

based on Napier’s rules for logarithms

A

Slide Rule

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14
Q

used until 1970

A

Slide Rule

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15
Q

who created Jacquard Loom

A

Joseph Marie Jacquard

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16
Q

is a device fitted to a power loom that simplifies the process of manufacturing textiles with such complex patterns as brocade, damask and matelassé.

A

Jacquard Loom

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17
Q

was a proposed mechanical general-purpose computer designed by English mathematician and computer pioneer Charles Babbage

A

Analytical Engine

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18
Q

who created Analytical Engine

A

Charles Babbage

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19
Q

It was first described in
1837 as the successor to
Babbage’s Difference Engine

A

Analytical Engine

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20
Q

Evolution of Computers

A

1st Generation (Vaccum Tubes)
2nd Generation (Transistors)
3rd Generation (Integrated Circuit)
4th Generation (Microprocessors)
5th Generation (Artificial Intelligence)

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21
Q

have no air
inside of them, which
protects the circuitry

A

Vaccum Tubes

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22
Q

are glass
tubes with circuits inside

A

Vaccum Tubes

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23
Q

is an electrical computer
containing thousands of vacuum
tubes that utilizes punch cards and
switches for inputting data and punch
cards for outputting and storing data

A

UNIVAC

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24
Q

Programmed UNIVAC
Recipient of Computer
Science’s first “Man of the Year
Award”

A

Grace Hopper

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25
Q

The first computer “bug”

A

Moth

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26
Q

Grace Hopper found a moth
stuck in a relay responsible
for a malfunction
Called it:

A

Debugging

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27
Q

were smaller than vacuum tubes and
allowed computers to be smaller in size, faster in speed, and cheaper to build.

A

Transistors

28
Q

were widely used in computers from 1956 to
1963

A

Transistors

29
Q

Developed by John Bardeen, Walter
Brattain, and William Shockley at
the Bell Laboratories on December
23, 1947

A

Transistors

30
Q

Used to control the amount
of current or voltage or used for
amplification/modulation or
switching of an electronic signal

A

Transistors

31
Q

helped reduce the size of computers even
more compared to second-
generation computers, as well as
make them faster

A

Integrated Circuit (IC)

32
Q

along with
integrated circuits, it helped make it
possible for computers to fit easily
on a desk and for the introduction
of the laptop.

A

microprocessor (CPU)

33
Q

involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer

A

Green Computing

34
Q

A computer contains many electric, electronic, and mechanical components known as

A

Hardware

35
Q

Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer

A

Input Device

36
Q

Hardware component that conveys information to one or more people

A

Output Device

37
Q

Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data

A

System Unit

38
Q

Records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage media

A

Storage Device

39
Q

Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices

A

Communication Device

40
Q

also called a program, tells the computer what
tasks to perform and how to perform them

A

Software

41
Q

is the process of setting up software to work with the computer, printer, and other
hardware

A

Installing

42
Q

develops software or writes the instructions that direct the computer to process data into information

A

Programmer

43
Q

is the raw material

A

Data

44
Q

transform data into information

A

Computer

45
Q

is processes data

A

Information

46
Q

You may be surprised to learn that people are part of the computing process. Somecomputers, such as the computer chip that controls an automobile engine, function without human intervention. But even these computer were designed by people and occasionally require maintenance by people. Most computer require people, who are called

A

users / end users

47
Q

are the steps that you must follow to
accomplish a specific computer-related task. Part of a user’s computer literacy is knowing common procedures

A

Procedures

48
Q

is a collection of numbers
represented as bytes that are in turn composed of bits

A

Data

49
Q

is processed by the CPU

A

Data

50
Q

what are bytes composed of

A

bits (binary digits)

51
Q

bits can have a value of

A

0 and 1

52
Q

is a term used to describe text that is
informative to the individual reading it or the
computer processing it

A

Information

53
Q

Personal financial
management
* Web access
* Communications
* Entertainment

A

Home user

54
Q

Look up information
* Send and receive e-
mail messages
* Make telephone calls

A

Small
Office/Home
Office User

55
Q

Connect to other
computers on a
network or the
Internet
* Transfer information
* Play video games
* Listen to music
* Watch movies

A

Mobile User

56
Q
  • Work with
    multimedia
  • Use industry-
    specific software
A

Power User

57
Q
  • Communicate
    among employees
  • Process high
    volumes of
    transactions
  • Blog
A

Enterprise User

58
Q

________________________ is a work arrangement in which employees work away from a company’s standard workplace and often communicate with the office through the computer.

A

Telecommuting

59
Q

A(n) ________________________ user is a category of user that requires the capabilities of a workstation or other powerful computer.

A

power

60
Q

Many large companies use the term, ________ computing, to refer to the huge network of computers that meets their diverse computing needs.

A

enterprise

61
Q

You interact with a program through its ______________, which controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen.

A

User interface

62
Q

With a(n) __________, users interact with the software using text, graphics, and visual images such as icons.

A

GUI

63
Q

Two categories of software are ________.

A

system software and application software

64
Q

With ________ software, a home user can play games, compose music, research genealogy, or create greeting cards.

A

Entertainment

65
Q

includes any company with fewer than 50 employees, as well as the self-employed who work from home.

A

SOHO

Introduction to Computing (8 decks)

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