Introduction to Computer Flashcards
is an electronic device, operating under the
control of instructions stored in its own memory
Computer
Information Processing Cycle
- Collects Data (Input)
- Processing of Data
- Produces information (output)
can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself
Personal Computer
Personal computer you can carry from
place to place
Mobile
Computer
Computing device small enough to hold
in your hand
Mobile Device
is a mobile computing device designed
for single-player or multiplayer video games
Game Console
controls access to the hardware, software, and
other resources on a network
Server
Provides a centralized storage
area for programs, data, and
information
Server
is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of
connected users simultaneously
mainframe
is the fastest, most powerful
computer
Supercomputer
are capable of processing more than
one quadrillion instructions in a
single second
supercomputer
is a special-purpose computer that
functions as a component in a
larger product
Embedded Computer
based on Napier’s rules for logarithms
Slide Rule
used until 1970
Slide Rule
who created Jacquard Loom
Joseph Marie Jacquard
is a device fitted to a power loom that simplifies the process of manufacturing textiles with such complex patterns as brocade, damask and matelassé.
Jacquard Loom
was a proposed mechanical general-purpose computer designed by English mathematician and computer pioneer Charles Babbage
Analytical Engine
who created Analytical Engine
Charles Babbage
It was first described in
1837 as the successor to
Babbage’s Difference Engine
Analytical Engine
Evolution of Computers
1st Generation (Vaccum Tubes)
2nd Generation (Transistors)
3rd Generation (Integrated Circuit)
4th Generation (Microprocessors)
5th Generation (Artificial Intelligence)
have no air
inside of them, which
protects the circuitry
Vaccum Tubes
are glass
tubes with circuits inside
Vaccum Tubes
is an electrical computer
containing thousands of vacuum
tubes that utilizes punch cards and
switches for inputting data and punch
cards for outputting and storing data
UNIVAC
Programmed UNIVAC
Recipient of Computer
Science’s first “Man of the Year
Award”
Grace Hopper
The first computer “bug”
Moth
Grace Hopper found a moth
stuck in a relay responsible
for a malfunction
Called it:
Debugging
were smaller than vacuum tubes and
allowed computers to be smaller in size, faster in speed, and cheaper to build.
Transistors
were widely used in computers from 1956 to
1963
Transistors
Developed by John Bardeen, Walter
Brattain, and William Shockley at
the Bell Laboratories on December
23, 1947
Transistors
Used to control the amount
of current or voltage or used for
amplification/modulation or
switching of an electronic signal
Transistors
helped reduce the size of computers even
more compared to second-
generation computers, as well as
make them faster
Integrated Circuit (IC)
along with
integrated circuits, it helped make it
possible for computers to fit easily
on a desk and for the introduction
of the laptop.
microprocessor (CPU)
involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer
Green Computing
A computer contains many electric, electronic, and mechanical components known as
Hardware
Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer
Input Device
Hardware component that conveys information to one or more people
Output Device
Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data
System Unit
Records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage media
Storage Device
Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices
Communication Device
also called a program, tells the computer what
tasks to perform and how to perform them
Software
is the process of setting up software to work with the computer, printer, and other
hardware
Installing
develops software or writes the instructions that direct the computer to process data into information
Programmer
is the raw material
Data
transform data into information
Computer
is processes data
Information
You may be surprised to learn that people are part of the computing process. Somecomputers, such as the computer chip that controls an automobile engine, function without human intervention. But even these computer were designed by people and occasionally require maintenance by people. Most computer require people, who are called
users / end users
are the steps that you must follow to
accomplish a specific computer-related task. Part of a user’s computer literacy is knowing common procedures
Procedures
is a collection of numbers
represented as bytes that are in turn composed of bits
Data
is processed by the CPU
Data
what are bytes composed of
bits (binary digits)
bits can have a value of
0 and 1
is a term used to describe text that is
informative to the individual reading it or the
computer processing it
Information
Personal financial
management
* Web access
* Communications
* Entertainment
Home user
Look up information
* Send and receive e-
mail messages
* Make telephone calls
Small
Office/Home
Office User
Connect to other
computers on a
network or the
Internet
* Transfer information
* Play video games
* Listen to music
* Watch movies
Mobile User
- Work with
multimedia - Use industry-
specific software
Power User
- Communicate
among employees - Process high
volumes of
transactions - Blog
Enterprise User
________________________ is a work arrangement in which employees work away from a company’s standard workplace and often communicate with the office through the computer.
Telecommuting
A(n) ________________________ user is a category of user that requires the capabilities of a workstation or other powerful computer.
power
Many large companies use the term, ________ computing, to refer to the huge network of computers that meets their diverse computing needs.
enterprise
You interact with a program through its ______________, which controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen.
User interface
With a(n) __________, users interact with the software using text, graphics, and visual images such as icons.
GUI
Two categories of software are ________.
system software and application software
With ________ software, a home user can play games, compose music, research genealogy, or create greeting cards.
Entertainment
includes any company with fewer than 50 employees, as well as the self-employed who work from home.
SOHO
