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Introduction to Computing > Hardware Components of a Personal Computer > Flashcards

Hardware Components of a Personal Computer Flashcards

1
Q

is a case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data

A

System Unit

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2
Q

The inside of the system unit on a desktop personal computer includes:

A

Drive bay(s)
Power supply
Sound card
Video card
Processor
Memory

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3
Q

is the main circuit board of the
system unit

A

Motherboard

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4
Q

contains integrated circuits

A

computer chip

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5
Q

interprets and carries out the basic instructions
that operate a computer

A

processor or CPU

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6
Q

Two types of processor

A

control unit and arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

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7
Q

is the component of the processor
that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer

A

control unit

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8
Q

performs arithmetic,
comparison, and other operations

A

arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

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9
Q

For every instruction, a
processor repeats a set of
four basic operations,
which comprise of a

A

machine cycle

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10
Q

4 steps in a machine cycle

A

store, fetch, decode, execute

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11
Q

The pace of the system clock is called the

A

clock speed

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12
Q

clock speed is measured in

A

gigahertz (GHz)

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13
Q

controls the timing of all computer
operations

A

System Clock

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14
Q

consists of electronic components that store
instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processing the data

A

Memory

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15
Q

memory stores three basic categories of items which are

A
  1. The operating system and other system software
  2. Application programs
  3. Data being processed and the resulting information
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16
Q

Each location in memory has an address

A
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17
Q

Memory size is measured in

A

kilobytes (KB or K), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), or terabytes (TB)

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18
Q

Exact number of Kilobytes

A

1024

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19
Q

The exact number of Megabytes

A

1,048,576

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20
Q

The system unit contains two types of memory:

A

Volatile and Non Volatile memory

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21
Q

Loses its contents when
power is turned off

A

Volatile Memory

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22
Q

Example includes RAM

A

Volatile Memory

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23
Q

Does not lose contents
when power is removed

A

Nonvolatile memory

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24
Q

Does not lose contents
when power is removed

A

Nonvolatile memory

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25
Three basic types of RAM chips exist:
1. Dynamic RAM (DRAM) 2. Static RAM (SRAM) 3. Magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM)
26
is a type of random-access memory that stores each bit of data in a separate capacitor within an integrated circuit. The capacitor can be either charged or discharged
Dynamic RAM
27
has three different states. It can be in: standby (the circuit is idle), reading (the data has been requested) and writing (updating the contents).
Static RAM
28
is not stored as electric charge or current flows, but by magnetic storage elements.
Magnetoresistive RAM
29
usually reside on a memory module and are inserted into memory slots.
RAM Chips
30
speeds the processes of the computer because it stores frequently used instructions and data
Memory Cache
31
refers to memory chips storing permanent data and instructions
Read-only memory (ROM)
32
The amount of RAM necessary in a computer often depends on the types of software you plan to use
33
can be erased electronically and rewritten
Flash memory
34
provides high speeds and consumes little power
CMOS technology
35
is a non-volatile storage device which stores digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating platters with magnetic surfaces. Strictly speaking, "drive" refers to a device distinct from its medium.
Hard Disk Drive or HDD
36
is an optical disc storage media format
DVD
37
Its main uses are video and data storage
DVD
38
are of the same dimensions as compact discs (CDs) but store more than six times as much data.
DVD
39
is an optical disc storage medium to supersede the standard DVD format
Blu-ray Disc
40
Its main uses are for storing PlayStation 3 games, high- definition video and data storage with up to 50GB per disc
Blu-ray Disc
41
The disc has the same physical dimensions as standard DVDs and CDs.
Blu-ray Disc
42
consists of a NAND-type flash memory data storage device integrated with a USB (Universal Serial Bus) interface
USB Flash Drive
43
are typically removable and rewritable, and most USB flash drives weigh less than an ounce (30 g)
USB Flash Drive
44
is a solid-state electronic flash memory data storage device capable of storing digital contents.
Memory card or Flash Memory Card
45
These are mainly used with digital cameras, handheld and Mobile computers, mobile phones, music players, digital cinematography cameras, video game consoles, and other electronics.
Memory Card
46
They offer high re-record-ability, power-free storage, small form factor, and rugged environmental specifications.
Memory Card
47
is used to type data into the computer.
Keyboard (Input Device)
48
move some object on the screen and can do some action.
Pointing Device
49
Other pointing devices such as
Joysticks or game controllers
50
allows you to scan documents, pictures or graphics and view them on the computer.
Scanner
51
It converts image into dots that the computer can understand.
Scanner
52
are used to take electronic pictures of an object
Digital Cameras
53
are used to put sound into a computer. Today, commands can also be given to computer using your voice.
Microphones
54
shows the processed information on screen.
Monitor
55
It displays soft copy of the information.. When the device is turned off the information goes away.
Monitor
56
produces a hard copy of the information
Printers
57
The information is printed on paper and can be used when the device is off.
Printers
58
are used to output sound.
Speakers
59
These are the physical, tangible parts of the computer system.
Hardware
60
A processor contains small high-speed storage locations, called ____, that temporarily hold data and instructions.
Registers
61
A(n) ________ processor is a chip with two or more separate processors.
Multicore
62
Each tick of the system clock equates to a ____.
Clock Cycle
63
Motorola is the leading manufacturer of Intel-compatible processors, which have an internal design similar to Intel processors, perform the same functions, and can be as powerful, but often are less expensive.
False (it is AMD)
64
Optical discs usually are ________ than one-twentieth of an inch thick.
4.75 inches in diameter and less
65
Common types of flash memory cards include ________.
all other choices are correct
66
Businesses use hard disks to store ________.
all other choices are correct
67
________ storage is the physical material on which a computer keeps data, instructions, and information.
Secondary
68
To fit in notebook and many handheld computers, the keyboards usually are ________.
smaller and have fewer keys
69
A(n) ________ is an output device that conveys text, graphics, and video information.
Display
70
A(n) ________ disc is a type of storage media that consists of a flat, round, portable disc made of metal, plastic, and lacquer that is written and read by a laser.
Optical
71
Many cloud storage providers offer ________.
password encryption and
72
Many personal computer users add surround sound ____ to their computers to generate a higher-quality sound.
speakers
73
A(n) ________ is a touch-sensitive display device that users interact with by touching the screen with a finger.
touch screen
74
The faster the clock speed, the more ________ the processor can execute per second.
Instructions
75
Replacing a motherboard is a fairly simple process, whereas replacing a processor is much more complicated.
False
76
Some motherboards include all necessary capabilities and do not require adapter cards.
True
77
A(n) ________ mouse uses devices that emit and sense light to detect movement.
Optical Mouse
78
A(n) ________ is a chip that controls the manipulation and display of graphics on a display device.
GPU
79
A hard copy also is called a(n) ________.
printout

Introduction to Computing (8 decks)

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