Introduction to Color Flashcards
Color is a
Visual sensation
One layer of the retina contains two types of receptors, known as
rods and cones
Rods respond to
various degrees of light
Rods are specialized for vision in
dim light
Cones are responsible for perception of
color
Visual acuity is also known as
sharpness of vision
Cones are stimulated only by
bright light
Perception is a highly
personal experience
Perception may be influenced by
past experience or association aesthetic preference eye fatigue visual acuity color blindness
Color blindness is the
total or partial inability to distinguish and recognize colors
The total or partial inability to distinguish and recognize colors is known as
Color blindness
Cones respond to
Red, Green, and Blue light
Different combinations of stimuli to the cones produce
different colors
Total Color Blindness
No color perception
Can only distinguish different shades of white to black
Missing all three types of cones
In total color blindness, the retina is missing all three types of
cones
Partial color blindness
Limited color perception
Most common partial color blindness is
red green color blindness
The cones in this type of color blindness that are usually most receptive to red and green light are
missing
Color blindness is a
congenital condition
Color blindness affects
males more than females
Knowledge of the principles of color
Tastefulness in funeral related activities
Color mixing
Color selection and arrangement
We utilize color in
Paint mixing Room harmonies Flower arrangements Funeral setting Colored lighting Landscaping Clothing and Casket interior harmony Cosmetology Display room Psychology Website Design Funeral illumination
Early theories of color were made up of
arbitrary standards by the artists
Sir Isaac Newton’s Experiment took place in
1666
Sir Isaac Newton’s experiment proved
dispersion
Dispersion is the
breaking up of white light (sunlight) into its many colors, accomplished by using a prism
Dispersion is accomplished by using a
prism
The colors seen in the spectrum are
Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo and Violet
The primary colors of PIGMENT are
Red, yellow, and blue
The primary colors of LIGHT are
Red, Green, and Blue
The spectrum was the original
scientific standard of color
Scientists were able to measure the wavelengths of the visible spectrum in
microns
Red has a ______ wavelength
long
Beyond the long wave length of red it continues into the invisible
infrared waves of heat
Violet has a ______ wavelength
short
Beyond the short wavelength of violet it continues onto the invisible
ultraviolet rays
Indigo was eliminated because of it’s closeness to
violet and blue
An objects color is identified by the wavelengths of light it
reflects
The other rays not reflected are
absorbed and converted into heat rays
All objects ______ and _______ some light
absorb and reflect
A white object
reflects all colors in white light equally with a small amount of absorption
Reflected rays are not as vivid as light
Black objects
absorb all colors with only a small amount of reflection
Object is not as dark as the absence of light
The principles of light and pigment are
different
White, in the principles of light, is the
combination of all colors
Black, in the principles of light, is the
absence of all colors
Black, in the principles of pigment, is the
combination of all colors
White light involves
combining of wave lengths
Pigmentary mixtures deals with the
subtraction of wave lengths
Chromatic colors are colors
comparable to the colors of the spectrum plus those produced by their mixtures
Achromatic colors are colors
not appearing on the visible spectrum
Neutral colors
white, black, and gray
Pigment is defined as
a coloring matter which can be applies to an object
Pigments are used to
duplicate the colors of the spectrum
Mixture of pigments will produce
intermediate hues not seen in the spectrum
Range of pigments are _____ than the range of colors in ature
fewer
Colors of certain objects cannot always be duplicated
stones
Natural wood
Skin
Pigments change with
light and chemicals
Pigments may change with
sunlight, air, exhaust, sulfur
Many pigments are
not pure colors
Pigments are unstable, meaning they may vary from
purchase to purchase
Absorption of light rays through admixture are the
opposite of light
Pigments absorb light rays when mixed
resulting in gray or black
Dimensions of color
Hue
Value
Intensity
Hue is the
name of a chromatic color
Qualifies it as to its warmth or coolness
Value refers to the
lightness or darkness of the color
Intensity refers to the
pureness or dullness (grayness) of a color
Hue is the name of a
chromatic color, qualifying it as to its warmth or coolness
Primary pigment colors are the
3 hues which can be combined to make all other hues
Red, yellow, and blue
Secondary pigment colors are the
equal mixture 2 primary hues
Orange, green, purple
Standard pigmentary hues, or the six standard hues are also known as the
Standard color wheel
Intermediate colors are a
mixture of a primary and adjacent secondary color
Intermediate hues are located
midway between the primary and the secondary hues
In identifying an intermediate hue, always use the ________ color first
primary
Tertiary colors are
unequal mixtures of opposite hues
Tertiary colors result in
browns and slates
Grayed hues are called
tones
Neutral colors are
Achromatic colors
White, black, and gray
Decorative neutral colors are
metallic colors of silver and gold
The color wheel we use is known as the
Prang system
Opposites on the color wheel are known as
Complements
When complements are seen together, they present the most
Vivid contrast
When mixed equally, complements
Cancel each other
Examples of warm hues are
Red, orange, yellow, and any intermediate hue in which they predominate
Wavelengths of warm hues are
long
Warm hues make objects seem to
Advance
Psychological associations of warm hues are
active and cheerful
Warm hues ______ heat waves
reflect
Examples of cool hues are
green, blue, purple, or any intermediate hue in which they predominate
Wavelengths of cool hues are
short
Cool hues make objects seem to
recede
Psychological associations of cool hues are
Quiet, peaceful, and depressing
Cool hues ________ heat waves
absorb
The dividing line of the warm and cool groups is at
12:30 and 6:30
Between Y/YG and RP/P
Warm and cool opposites afford the greatest
contrast
Value is defined as the
lightness of darkness of the hue
The gray scale is
9 levels between white and black formed by the mixture of black and white in varying proportions
Light grays are found at this end of the gray scale
The higher end, 7,8,9
The dark grays are found at this end of the gray scale
The lower end, 1,2,3
Changing the value of any hue is done by
mixing various amounts of either white or black to the hue
Tint is the hue mixed with progressive quantities of
white
Tint’s effect on the hue
weakens the brilliance but raises the value
Shade is hue mixed with progressive quantities of
black
Shade’s effect on the hue
Weakens the brilliance but lowers the value
Color wheel forms the lip, apex is white, as each hue rises the value changes to lighter tints
The tint cone
Cone is inverted, apex is black, as each hue descends it becomes darker
The shade cone
The axis of the adjoined cones is the
Gray scale
The class of color between the axis and the periphery of either cone is the
Tertiary colors
Intensity is the
pureness or dullness of hue
Tone is the
grayed hue including brown
Effect of reduced purity
becomes pleasant with subdued brilliance
Indirect method of reducing purity
Admixture of the hue with a complement
Direct method of reducing purity
Admixture with the hue of gray pigment
Complements
Mixture of 2 hues which make gray; opposites on the color wheel
Equal amounts of admixture of complements result in
gray
Excess of warm hue in admixture of complements result in
browns
Excess of cool hue in admixtures of complements result in
slate
Any two hues placed side by side influence the appearance of each other
Juxtaposition
If non-complements, juxtapositions
dull each other
If complements, juxtapositions
appear more vivid
Effect of pure hues on each other
intensify the brilliance of each other
Effect of grayed hues on each other
Reduce the brilliance of each other
