Introduction to cognitive psychology Flashcards
how does cognitive psychology explain what takes places in an everyday scenario (reading a text message
- PERCIEVES environment
- PAYS ATTENTION to one thing then another
- READS AND UNDERSTAND the text
- REMEMBERS something from the past
- EXPERIENCES EMOTION
- ## MAKES A DECISION
what was involved in donders 1868 experiment
he wanted to know how long it takes to make a decision. had studies of
1. simple reaction time
when light goes off press button
2. choice reaction time
press left button when left light is on then same for right. differences in reaction = indicates how long it takes them to make a decision
what did wundt 1879 described analytic introspection to be
whereby trained ppts would describe their own sensations, feelings and thought processes in respondence to a stimuli
what did wundt mean by structuralism
our overall experience is determined by combining basic elements of experience
what was Ebbinghaus 1885 memory experiment
wanted to know the time course for forgetting - used quantitative method
- repeated nonsense syllables
- found out how long it took to learn the list
- had a delay then saw how long it took to learn the list again
- info remembered was quantified between the difference between when first learnt and relearnt = savings
what did watson 1913 argue
criticised analytic introspection as variables from different people vary- instead proposed behaviourism
- can observe behaviour
- rejects the idea that you can get conclusions from unobservable mental processes
what did skinner 1938 argue
operant conditioning
behaviour increases by positive reinforcers and withdrawal of negative reinforcers
behaviour can be understood by stimulus and response relationships (1940s-1960s)
what is tolmans map 1948
tolman is an example of researcher’s who didn’t reject mental processes during the era of behaviourism
ie rats develop a cognitive map when exploring - mental conception of how the maze looks - opposite to behaviourism
what caused the shift away from behaviourism
the cognitive revolution
- intro to digital computer
the way it proccessed info in stages , broadbent first flow diagram of mind
what did chomsky argue about verbal behaviour
criticised argument that children learn language through operant conditioning - he said that language is innate and is universal across cultures
what does the information processing approach argue
- mind is similar or can be compared to a computer
- info from the environment is processed by a series of processing stages/ systems ie attention
