Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Peds > Introduction to Child Health and Pediatric Nursing > Flashcards

Introduction to Child Health and Pediatric Nursing Flashcards

Exam 1

1
Q

Historically, how was health measured?

A

Measured by morbidity and mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Historically, what was health?

A

Absence of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Currently, how is health defined?

A

Health promotion
Disease Prevention
Wellness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of health?

A

“A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How were children viewed prior to the late 18th century?

A

Children were viewed as commodities or property

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Prior to the 18th century, what was the role of children?

A

Their role was to increase population and help with workload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Prior to the 18th century, what was common for children?

A

High rates of child mortality were common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

At the end of the 19th century, what happened with illness?

A

Better understanding of cause of illnesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

At the end of the 19th century, what new public health efforts occurred?

A
  1. Milk pasteurization
  2. Compulsory vaccination programs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

At the end of the 19th century, what was established for children?

A

Public schools were established

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

At the end of the 19th century, how did the court view children?

A

Court viewed children as minors (not property!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In the 19th and early 20th century, what improvements occurred?

A

Urban public health improvements

Growth of public health initiatives

Growing knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What kind of urban public health improvements occurred in the 19th and early 20th centuries?

A

Improved sanitation,
treated municipal drinking water, and hygiene awareness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What kind of knowledge developed in the 19th and early 20th centuries?

A

Nutrition, sanitation, bacteriology, pharmacology, and psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

At the end of the 20th century, what occurred?

A

New antibiotics and vaccines
Increased survival rates
Increase in chronic versus acute illness
Biotechnology and genetic research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the focus of national and international organizations to protect child rights?

A

Violence and abuse

Child labor and soldiering

Juvenile justice

Child immigrants and orphaned children

Abandoned or homeless children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Evolution of Pediatric Nursing

A

Timeline slide- study if you have time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Overall Goals of Healthy People 2030- what do they want to ELIMINATE?

A

Eliminate preventable disease, disability, and injury and premature death

Eliminate disparities and attain health literacy to improve the health of all groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Overall Goals of Healthy People 2030- what do they want to ACHIEVE?

A

Achieve health equity

Engage leadership, the public and key constituents to take action and develop policies that will improve the health of all

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Overall Goals of Healthy People 2030- what do they want to create?

A

Create physical, economic, and social environments that promote good health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Overall Goals of Healthy People 2030- what do they want to PROMOTE?

A

Promote healthy development and behaviors across every stage of life (specific goals for each stage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Mortality

A

Number of individuals who have died over a specific period
(can be overall or from specific cause)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How is mortality presented?

A

Presented in rates per unit of population (usually 1,000 or more)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is infant mortality often used for?

A

Infant mortality often used as indirect measure of the general health of a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Morbidity

A

Measure of prevalence of disease or degree of disability in a population at a particular time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Examples of morbidity?

A

(e.g., days lost from school due to a particular problem)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How is morbidity presented?

A

Presented as a rate per unit of population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How is the infant and neonatal mortality trending from 1960 to 2016? Why?

A

Trending downward

Because of education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the top major reason for hospitalization in children 1 to 17 years of age

A

Respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Causes of death in children by age group: Age 0 to 1

A

Developmental, genetic conditions present at birth

Premature birth

SIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Causes of death in children by age group: Age 1 to 4 years

A

Accidents (unintentional injuries)

Developmental, genetic conditions present at birth

Homicide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Causes of death in children by age group: Age 5 to 14 years

A

Accidents (unintentional injuries)

Cancer

Suicide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the number 1 cause of death in peds in the US?

A

unintentional injuries and gun violence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is unintentional injury?

A

Unintentional injuries like choking, not knowing where the child is developmentally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the philosophy of pediatric nursing?

A

To promote and assist the child in maintaining optimal levels of health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Philosophy of pediatric nursing is to promote and assist the child in maintaining optimal levels of health how?

A

Focusing on the family

Providing atraumatic therapeutic care

Using evidence-based practices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Philosophy of nursing: To promote and assist the child in maintaining optimal levels of health, how should nurses focus on the family?

A

Providing family centered, culturally competent care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Philosophy of nursing: To promote and assist the child in maintaining optimal levels of health, how should nurses providing atraumatic therapeutic care?

A

Minimizing physical and psychological stress for children and their parents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Philosophy of nursing: To promote and assist the child in maintaining optimal levels of health, how should nurses use evidence based practices?

A

Using research findings to establish a plan of care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Characteristics of Pediatric Care?

A

Continuous

Comprehensive

Coordinated

Family centered

Compassionate

Culturally competent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the role of the nurse in relation to morbidity and mortality in children?

A

Educating families and communities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Role of the nurse in relation to morbidity and mortality in children is to educate families and communities about?

A

Developmentally appropriate child safety and preventative measures

Utility of vaccinations in preventing childhood illnesses/morbidity and benefits of preventative care

Symptoms requiring health care visits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is the goal of nurses in educating families and communities?

A

Raise awareness of and provide guidance and counseling to prevent unnecessary deaths/illnesses in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Pediatric Nursing: Scope and Standards of Nursing- what is it?

A

Defines guiding principles in pediatric nursing practice

Position statement about standards of practice and professional performance of pediatric nurses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Pediatric Nursing: Scope and Standards of Nursing- has been adopted by?

A

Jointly adopted by National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners

Society of Pediatric Nurses

American Nurse’s Association Scope

Standards of Pediatric Nursing Practice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Standards of Practice: Nursing Process:

A

Assessment

Nursing Diagnosis

Planning and Expected outcomes

Implementation

Evaluation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Standards of Professional Practice include?

A

Quality of practice

Professional practice evaluation

Education

Collegiality, communication and collaboration

Ethics, research, evidenced-based practice, and clinical scholarship

Resource utilization, environmental health, advocacy,and leadership

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

To balance ethical components for families of different cultures and religions, what should you identify?

A

Identify the problem within the family’s cultural context

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

To balance ethical components for families of different cultures and religions, what should you gather?

A

Gather information about the problem and the culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

To balance ethical components for families of different cultures and religions, what should you compare?

A

Weigh risks against benefits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

To balance ethical components for families of different cultures and religions how should you choose a solution(s)?

A

Choose solution based upon culturally competent care

52
Q

To balance ethical components for families of different cultures and religions how should you implement solutions?

A

Implement solution based within family values

53
Q

To balance ethical components for families of different cultures and religions what should you evaluate?

A

Evaluate outcome of implementation

54
Q

Key Elements of Informed Consent: How should the decision maker be?

A

The decision maker (person who consents) must be of legal age in that state, with full civil rights and be competent

55
Q

Key Elements of Informed Consent: How should the information be presented?

A

Information in the consent form must be simple, concise, appropriate to the level of education and language of the decision maker

56
Q

Key Elements of Informed Consent: How should the decision to participate be?

A

Decision to participate must be voluntary, without coercion, force, or influence of duress

57
Q

What must also be present in order to have informed consent?

A

Have a witness to the process of obtaining informed consent

58
Q

What must the witness do in order to have informed consent?

A

Have that witness sign the consent form

59
Q

Special considerations related to informed consent?

A

Child not living with parent (biologic or adoptive)

Mature or emancipated minors

Parental consent after divorce

Consent for organ donation

Consent for medical experimentation

Psychiatric and reproductive health services (may be a different age of consent than for other health care services)

60
Q

What does pediatric assent affirm?

A

Affirms child’s participation in the decision making process about health care (child does not make final decision)

61
Q

What does pediatric assent help?

A

Helps the child understand his or her health condition as developmentally appropriate for the child?

62
Q

What does pediatric assent inform the child of?

A

Informs the child of the treatment planned and discuss what he or she should expect

63
Q

What does pediatric assent make sure of?

A

Make sure he or she is not being unduly influenced to make a decision one way or another

64
Q

What does pediatric assent ascertain?

A

Ascertains the child’s willingness to participate in the treatment or research

65
Q

What established the concept of Advance Directives?

A

Patient Self-Determination Act of 1990 established the concept

66
Q

What does an advance directive do?

A

Determine and communicate the child’s and family’s wishes should life-sustaining care become necessary

67
Q

ADvance directive: What role do parents play?

A

Parents are generally the surrogate decision makers for children

They need to take into consideration the views of the child when possible

68
Q

What do health care providers do (having to do with advance directives)?

A

Health care providers assist families in developing and implementing advance directives

69
Q

Related acronyms having to do with advance directives?

A

Related acronyms are:

AND (Allow Natural Death) and

DNAR (Do Not Attempt Resuscitation)

70
Q

HIPPA

A

Privacy

71
Q

Exceptions to HIPPA?

A

Know the exceptions to confidentiality (e.g., suspicion of child abuse; reporting infections to health agencies; child threatens harm to self or others)

72
Q

Genetic influences on child health?

A

Sex and Gender
Race
Genetically linked diseases
Temperament

73
Q

A child’s temperament has a corresponding influence on what?

A

The child’s temperament has a corresponding influence on those around the child (positive or negative)

74
Q

Temperament Theory:What is temperament?

A

Describes how a child interacts with the environment

75
Q

How does child’s temperament influence parenting?

A

Parents react to the child based upon the child’s temperament

76
Q

How are infants characterized?

A

Infants are characterized as “easy,” “difficult or challenging,” or “slow to warm up”

Not strict categories—a child may be a combination of these types

77
Q

Parameters of Temperament include?

A

Activity level
Rhythmicity
Approach and withdrawal
Adaptability
Threshold of responsiveness
Intensity of reaction
Quality of mood
Distractibility
Attention span and persistence

78
Q

Heath Status and Lifestyle include?

A

Health at birth, presence of chronic illness

Distribution of disease varies with age

Nutrition

Lifestyle choices

Environmental exposure

Stress and coping

Access and barriers to healthcare

79
Q

Lifestyle Influences on Child Health occur when?

A

Affects children early on via their mother’s behaviors (in utero, as infants and young children) and directly (older children by their own behaviors)

80
Q

What parent’s lifestyle choices influence child health?

A

Patterns of eating
Exercise
Use of tobacco
Drugs
Alcohol
Methods of coping with stress

81
Q

Biologic Influences on Health

A

Genetics

In utero exposure to teratogens

Postpartum illness (mother cannot care for child)

Nutrition

Exposure to hazardous substances

Maturation

Exposure to stressful events

82
Q

Types of stressors affecting children:

A

Social (starting school, new babysitter)

Family stress (conflict in the home, divorce, new baby)

Societal (poverty, lack of basic needs)

Physical (illness, trauma, normal growth and development)

83
Q

Types of stressors affecting children: Social

A

(starting school, new babysitter)

84
Q

Types of stressors affecting children: Family stress

A

(conflict in the home, divorce, new baby)

85
Q

Types of stressors affecting children: Societal

A

(poverty, lack of basic needs)

86
Q

Types of stressors affecting children: Physical

A

(illness, trauma, normal growth and development)

87
Q

How Children Cope With Stress: Behaviors vary by what?

A

Behaviors suggestive of stressful feelings may vary by developmental stage

88
Q

How Children Cope With Stress: How is stressful feelings expressed?

A

May be expressed as somatic symptoms

89
Q

How Children Cope With Stress: How does prior experience to stress effect stress and response?

A

Prior experience with stress may drive ability to respond positively to stress

90
Q

Coping of stress is influenced by?

A

Coping is influenced by temperament and developmental stage

91
Q

What enables an effective coping?

A

Developing a sense of resiliency enables effective coping

92
Q

Protective Factors Promoting Resiliency: Two types

A
  1. Internal
  2. External
93
Q

Protective Factors Promoting Resiliency: Internal- is having the ability for what?

A

Having ability to take control, be proactive and having responsibility for own decisions

94
Q

Protective Factors Promoting Resiliency: Internal- is understanding what?

A

Understanding and accepting own limits and abilities

95
Q

Protective Factors Promoting Resiliency: Internal- is what?

A

Being goal-directed and knowing when to continue or stop

96
Q

Protective Factors Promoting Resiliency: External is having what?

A

Having caring relationships

Having a positive learning environment and positive influences in the community

97
Q

Barriers to Health Care

A

Financial

Ethnic

Sociocultural

Health care delivery system

98
Q

Financial barriers to health care?

A

lack of insurance, cost of medications

99
Q

Ethnic Barriers to health care?

A

Ethnic (e.g., cultural expectations encourage obesity in children)

100
Q

Sociocultural barriers to healthcare?

A

Sociocultural (e.g., language or cultural barriers)

101
Q

Healthcare delivery system barriers to health care?

A

Health care delivery system (e.g., fragmented care)

102
Q

What is considered the basic social unit?

A

Family is considered the basic social unit

103
Q

The Role of Family in Child Health

A

Provides physical and emotional care for the child as well as to convey rules of appropriate social interaction

104
Q

According to the US census bureau, how is family defined?

A

Defined by U.S. Census Bureau as a group of two or more persons related by birth, marriage, or adoption and living together

105
Q

How is the family structure?

A

Traditional nuclear family is no longer considered the only family structure—family structures and roles can be highly variable!

106
Q

Examples of types of family structures?

A

Adolescent families
Grandparent-as-parents
Foster families
Same-sex families
Blended families

107
Q

Four Major Parenting Styles:

A

Authoritarian
Authoritative
Permissive
Rejecting–neglecting

108
Q

Discipline

A

is teaching and rewarding desirable behavior and decreasing or eliminating undesirable behavior.

It is an ongoing process.

109
Q

Punishment

A

is a negative consequence applied for undesirable behavior.

It is a finite process.

110
Q

Discipline Strategies- what should you maintain?

A

Maintain a positive, supportive, nurturing caregiver–child relationship

111
Q

Discipline Strategies- what should you use?

A

Use positive reinforcement to increase desirable behaviors

112
Q

Discipline Strategies- what should you do for negative behaviors?

A

Remove positive reinforcements for negative behaviors

113
Q

Discipline Strategies- when should you use negative consequences?

A

Use negative consequences (punishment) to reduce or eliminate undesirable behaviors

114
Q

Distinguishing Factors of Ethnic Groups

A

Customs
Characteristics
Language
Family structures
Food preferences
Moral codes
Health care practices

115
Q

Beliefs and Practices of Cultural Groups That Impact Health Care: Cultural groups have well defined roles for

A

Roles of family members including children

Roles and responsibilities for extended family members

Models of health, disease, and causes of disease

Expression of pain and causes of pain

Role of foods that promote health or cure illnesses

Role of spirituality

116
Q

Elements of a Child’s Community affect what?

A

Affects many aspects of a child’s health, development, and general welfare

117
Q

Elements of a Child’s Community consist of what?

A

Consists of the family, school, neighborhood, youth organizations, and other peer groups

118
Q

Type of Violence Affecting Child Health

A

Violent crimes

Suicide

School violence (bullying)

Violence in the home (Domestic violence–to self or as witness to abuse)

119
Q

Major Components of Society Influencing Child Health

A

Changes in social roles

Socioeconomic status

Poverty

Homelessness

The media (television, Internet, social media)

Expanding global nature of society can affect children at home as well as travelers

120
Q

UNICEF and WHO Identified Major Problems for Global Child Health which include:

A

Acute respiratory infections, such as pneumonia

Malnutrition, including micronutrient deficiency

Diarrhea related to lack of clean water and sanitation

Vaccine-preventable diseases such as measles

Malaria

Preterm birth complications and birth asphyxia

Poor health care of pregnant and nursing mothers

121
Q

Principles of Atraumatic Care- what should be prevented?

A

Prevent or minimize physical stressors (distraction) including pain, discomfort, immobility, sleep deprivation, inability to eat or drink and changes in elimination.

Prevent or minimize parent-child separation

122
Q

Principles of Atraumatic Care- what should be promoted?

A

Promote family centered care, treating the family as the patient.

Promote a sense of control

123
Q

Goals of Child and Family Education- three things to improve?

A

Improve the child and family’s health literacy

Improve health outcomes and promote healthy lifestyles

Improve compliance with care and treatment plan

124
Q

Goals of Child and Family Education- two things to encourage?

A

Encourage communication with physicians or nurse practitioners

Encourage involvement of child and family in care and decision making about care

125
Q

Goals of Child and Family Education- what to promote?

A

Promote a sense of autonomy and control

Peds (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions