Introduction To Chemotherapy

Question 1

What drug is used for Staphylococcus Aureus

Answer 1

Nafcillin- Antistaph Penicillin

Question 2

Define Chemotherapy

Answer 2

Treatment of infectious diseases with specific chemical agents

Question 3

Define Antibiotic

Answer 3

Substance produced by one microorganism that suppresses the growth of another microorganism

Question 4

Define Antimicrobial

Answer 4

Compound with activity against bacteria fungi or virus

Question 5

Define selective toxicity

Answer 5

Will inhibit the growth or kill the Microorganism without harming/killing the host

Example Polymixin B pokes holes in the membrane of cells

Penicillin G- targets the cell wall of bacteria

Question 6

Define Bacteriostatic

Answer 6

Inhibits the growth of bacteria

Question 7

Define bactericidal

Answer 7

Kills the bacteria

Question 8

Which one is sulfonamides

Answer 8

Sulfonamides are bacteriocidal when combined with TMP + SMX

Question 9

Define narrow, extended, and broad spectrum

Answer 9

Narrow- effective against a specific group. Gram positive or negatives.

Extended spectrum- effective against gram positives and some gram negatives (Amoxicillin)

Broad Spectrum: effective against a wide variety of gram negatives
Chloramphenicol causes Aplastic anemia

Question 10

What are the 5 mechanisms of Antibiotic Action?

Answer 10

1. Agents that inhibit the synthesis of bacterial cell walls ( Penicillins)
2. Agents that alter the cell membrane permeability
3. Agents that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis via the 50S and 30S
4. Agents that inhibit nucleus acid synthesis
5. Agents that acts anti-metabolites to block me metabolic steps

Question 11

What is empiric therapy or best guess therapy

Answer 11

Intimidate empiric therapy for a life threatening infection when you can’t wait to get lab test back.

Question 12

What is the Kirby Bauer disc Diffusion test

Answer 12

When they spread antibiotic disc on agar plate streaked with isolate

Measure the zone of growth

Question 13

How do you calculate MIC

Answer 13

Minimum inhibitory Concentration

Question 14

Define MBC

Answer 14

The minimum concentration of an antibiotic that kills the patients bacterial isolate

Question 15

Define Transduction

Answer 15

Bacteriophage virus infects bacteria and transfers antibiotic resistance genes to baterium

Question 16

Define Transformation

Answer 16

DNA that is free in the environment get incorporated in the bacteria

Question 17

Define Conjugation

Answer 17

Union of two microorganisms with an exchange of genetic material containing antibiotic resistance genes.

RTF genes that promote joining

50% in our digestive tract have this

Question 18

Biochemical Mechanism of Drug Resistance

Answer 18

1. Drug does not reach the target
2. Drug is not active ( modification or inactivation of the antibiotic)
3. Drug is altered

Question 19

What is Synergism as it relates to combined antibiotic therapy.

Answer 19

4 fold or greater reduction in the MIC or MBC.

Antagonism

Question 20

Define superinfection

Answer 20

Superinfection is the appearance of a new infection during anti bacterial therapy of another infection.