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Pharmacology > Introduction To Chemotherapeutics > Flashcards

Introduction To Chemotherapeutics Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacotherapy

A

Use of drugs to alter the rate of reactions or processes characteristic of the host itself

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2
Q

Chemotherapy

A

Use of drugs to kill or inhibit the growth of foreign organisms in the patient

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3
Q

Start of the antibiotic useage

A

By Florey and Chain 1940 Penicilin- first therapeutic use

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4
Q

Bacterial antibiotics mainly synthesized by

A

Actinomycetes family
Streptomycetes
Nocardiaceae

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5
Q

From which fungi antibiotics are produced

A

Aspergillales family
Penicillium
Cephalosporium

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6
Q

Classification of Antibiotics depends on

A

Chemical structure
Type of action
Spectrum of activity
Mechanism of action
Types of organisms
Source of antibiotic

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7
Q

2 types of action

A

Bactericidal—> kill the bacteria
Bacteriostatic—> stop the growth of the bacteria and not killing them

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8
Q

Examples of Bactericidal

A

Aminoglycosides
Bacitracin
Beta-lactam antibiotics
Isoniazid
*Metronidazole
Polymyxins
Pyrazinamide
*Quniolones
*Rifampin
*Vancomycin

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9
Q

Examples of Bacteriostatic

A

Chloromphenicol
Clindamycin
Ethambutol
Macrolides
Nitrofurantoin
Novobiocin
Oxazolidinones
Sulfonamides
Tetracyclines
Trimethoprim
Lincosamides

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10
Q

Spectrum of activity

A

Narrow-spectrum—> either gram + or -

Broad-spectrum—> both gram - and +

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11
Q

Examples of Narrow-spectrum antibiotics

A

Penicillin G
Streptomycin
Erythromycin

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12
Q

Examples of Broad-spectrum antibiotics

A

Tetracyclines
Chloramphenicol

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13
Q

Mechanism of Action

A

Inhibition of
- Cell wall / membrane
- Protein synthesis
- DNA replication / synthesis

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14
Q

Which antibiotics are the folic acid synthesis inhibitors

A

Sulfonamides family
- Methotrexate inhibits DHFR both in cancer and normal cells
- Trimethoprim

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15
Q

Which antibiotics inhibit cell wall synthesis in bacteria

A

Beta-lactam antibiotics

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16
Q

Properties of an ıdeal antibacterial drug

A

Selective and effective antimicrobial activity at low MIC
Penetrate into the infected compartments
Have efficacy via various routes of administration
Have a satisfactory therapeutic ratio
Not easily induce bacterial resistance

17
Q

Minimal inhibitory concentration

A

The lowest concentration of the agent that prevents visible growth after 18-24 hours of incubation

18
Q

Minimum Bactericidal concentration

A

The lowest concentration that kills 99.9% of the bacterial population

19
Q

Treatment strategies

A

Concentration above MIC for longer durations
Peak concentration
Cumultative dose

20
Q

The rule of Combination of antimicrobials

A

Bacteriocidal + Bacteriocidal— synergestic
Bacterostatic + Bacterostatic — synergestic

21
Q

What dose resistance gains to bacteria

A

Prevent the entrance
Alter the target site
Chemical modification of the drug

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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