Intro To Pharmacology Flashcards
Xenobiotic
Any chemical which is not a normal component of the living organism that is exposed to it
Drug
Any chemical or biological agent which is used for its beneficial effects on biological processes
Hypothesis of pharmacology
A relationship exists between drug concentration, effect, toxicity
Pharmacodynamics
Study of what biologically active compounds do in the body
Deals with Mechanism of action, uses ,adverse effects of drugs
Pharmacokinetics
How body reacts to biologically active compounds
Therapeutic effect
Primary effect intended that is the reason the drug is prescribed
Antimicrobial
Anti diabetic
Properties that a drug should possess
Effective and Selective biological action
Safe
Easy to use
Should be Inactivated or Excreted from the body
Curative drugs ?
Antibiotics
Corrective drugs?
Pharmacodynamic effect
Antihypertensivnes
Palliative drugs
Used to treat symptoms
Pain killers
Anti-cough
Substituting drugs
Vitamins deficiency
Preventive (prophylactic ) drugs
Vaccines
Supportive drugs
Tranquilizers
Fluid therapy
Restorative drugs
Agents used in convalescence that help the patient return to normal status
Vitamins
Minerals
Diagnostic drugs
Radioconstrast materials
Edrophonium in myasthenia gravis
What are the steps of the new drug development
In vitro studies
Animal testing
Clinical testing ( 4 phases)
Marketing
What are the pharmacokinetic parameters
Absorption— Bioavailability
Distribution— Volume of Distribution
Metabolism -
Excretion- Elimination and Clearance
Absorption
Processes to reach the drug into the systemic circulation from the route of administration
Route of administration has an effect on
Speed
Efficiency of the drug
First-pass Effect
Hepatic metabolism of a pharmacological agent when it is absorbed from the GIT and delivered to the liver via the portal circulation before entering the systemic circulation
Bioavailability
Percentage of the amount of drug that passes to the systemic circulation to the total amount that is administered.
Accepted 100% when it is IV
How is ROA determined?
By the physical characteristics of the drug, the speed which the drug is absorbed and/or released, as well as the need to bypass hepatic metabolism and achieve high concentration at particular sites
