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Chemistry AS level > Introduction To Chemistry Notes > Flashcards

Introduction To Chemistry Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest particle of matter and is made up of protons, neutrons and electrons

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2
Q

What is a molecule?

A

Two or more atoms chemically bonded together

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3
Q

What is an element?

A

Only made up of one sort of atom. All elements are listed in the periodic table

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4
Q

What is a compound?

A

Two or more different types of atoms bounded together

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5
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Two or more different elements and/or compounds in the same space. They can be separated into individual constituents

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6
Q

What is the chemical formula of oxygen?

A

O2

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7
Q

What is the chemical formula of hydrogen?

A

H2

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8
Q

What is the chemical formula of nitrogen?

A

N2

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9
Q

What is the chemical formula of chlorine?

A

Cl2

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10
Q

What is the chemical formula of phosphorus?

A

P4

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11
Q

What is the chemical formula of ammonia?

A

NH3

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12
Q

What is the chemical formula of methane?

A

CH4

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13
Q

What is the chemical formula of carbon monoxide?

A

CO

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14
Q

What is the chemical formula of sulfur trioxide?

A

SO3

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15
Q

What is the formula of hydrochloric acid?

A

HCl

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16
Q

What is the chemical formula of sulphuric acid?

A

H2SO4

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17
Q

What is the chemical formula of nitric acid?

A

HNO3

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18
Q

What is the chemical formula for phosphoric acid?

A

H3PO4

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19
Q

What can transition elements do?

A

Form more than one stable ion

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20
Q

What is the chemical formula for ammonium?

A

NH4 +

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21
Q

What is the formula for a hydroxide ion?

A

OH -

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22
Q

What is the formula for a nitrate ion?

A

NO3 -

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23
Q

What is the formula for a hydrogencarbonate ion?

A

HCO3 -

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24
Q

What is the formula for a carbonate ion?

A

CO3 2-

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25
Q

What is the formula for a sulfate ion?

A

SO4 2-

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26
Q

What is the formula for a phosphate ion?

A

PO4 3-

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27
Q

How do you write the formulae of ionic compounds?

A
  • Write the formula of the ions

- balance the charges

28
Q

What is a combustion reaction?

A

Burning a substance in oxygen

29
Q

What is the equation for the combustion of methane?

A

CH4 + 2O2 ~ > CO2 + 2H2O

30
Q

What is a decomposition reaction?

A

When a substance breaks down to form two or more substances.

31
Q

What is the equation for the decomposition of calcium carbonate?

A

CaCO3 -> CaO + CO2

32
Q

What is a neutralisation reaction?

A

The reaction between an acid and a base to form water

33
Q

What are the products of a neutralisation reaction?

A

A salt and water

34
Q

What is a redox reaction?

A

Where reduction (gain of electrons) and oxidation (loss of electrons) takes place

35
Q

What is an exothermic reaction?

A

A reaction that releases heat energy to the surroundings

36
Q

Do the products or the reactants have more energy in an exothermic reaction?

A

Reactants have more energy

37
Q

What is an endothermic reaction?

A

A reaction that takes in heat from the surroundings

38
Q

Do the products it the reactants have more end in an endothermic reaction?

A

Products have more energy

39
Q

What is a reversible reaction?

A

Reactants can form products and products can form reactants

40
Q

What is an acid?

A

A substance that donates

41
Q

What is the formula for ethanoic acid?

A

CH3COOH

42
Q

What is a base?

A

A substance that donates H+ ions

43
Q

What are some common bases?

A

Metal oxides, metal hydroxides, ammonia

44
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A base that releases hydroxide ions in aqueous solution

45
Q

What is the chemical formula of sodium hydroxide?

A

NaOH

46
Q

What is the chemical formula for potassium hydroxide?

A

KOH

47
Q

What is the chemical formula for barium hydroxide?

A

Br(OH)2

48
Q

What is the chemical formula for aqueous ammonia?

A

NH3(aq) / NH4OH

49
Q

What is an amphotenic substance?

A

It can be an acid and a base

50
Q

What is a salt?

A

Is formed when the hydrogen ions from an acid are replaced by a metal or ammonium ion

51
Q

What are chloride salts formed from?

A

Hydrochloric acid

52
Q

What are sulfates formed from?

A

Sulfuric acid

53
Q

What are nitrates formed from?

A

Nitric acid

54
Q

What are phosphates formed from?

A

Phosphoric acid

55
Q

What acid was used to make MgSO4?

A

H2SO4

56
Q

What acid was used to make Ca3(PO4)2?

A

H3PO4

57
Q

What is the formula of the acid that made NH4NO3?

A

HNO3

58
Q

Acid + alkali -> ?

A

Salt + water

59
Q

Acid + base -> ?

A

Salt + water

60
Q

Acid + metal -> ?

A

Salt + hydrogen

61
Q

When is the only time hydrogen is a product?

A

When an acid reacts with a metal

62
Q

Acid + metal carbonate -> ?

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

63
Q

Acid + metal hydrogencarbonate

->

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

64
Q

What happens when an ionic substance dissolves in water?

A

The positive and negative ions separate and become hydrated

65
Q

What are the three steps in writing ionic equations?

A
  • Aqueous ionic compounds are written as separate ions
  • solid, liquid, gases and covalent aqueous compound are unchanged
  • cancel ions that appear on both sides of the equation

Chemistry AS level (8 decks)

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