Introduction to Chemical Processing Flashcards
It is a method of altering a compound, it is also done to change the chemical structure of raw (bulk) materials in order to obtain products that are valuable to other industries/daily life.
Chemical processing
is defined as a process that does not involve any chemical reactions; deal only with the physical changes of the materials involved in the process.
Unit operation
involves a chemical reaction resulting in the transformation of substances into new chemical compounds.
Unit process
unit operations are classified in the following manner:
Fluid flow operations
Mechanical operations
Mass transfer
Pumping, compression, and fluidization
Fluid flow operations:
Size reduction, size enlargement, mixing, agitation, blending, filtration, classification-separation, etc.
Mechanical operations:
Distillation, evaporation, crystallization, leaching,
absorption, adsorption, extraction, etc.
Mass transfer:
devices that are used to increase the static pressure of
liquids by converting mechanical
energy to a high-pressure liquid
flow.
Pumps
involves exerting work on a compressible fluid (gases) for the purpose of increasing its pressure.
Compressor
the unit operation by which fine solids are transformed into a fluid-like state through contact with a gas.
Fluidization
The construction of size reduction and enlargement equipment
Size reduction
equipment used to
homogenize media inside a tank; operate by rotating immersed
impellers at a controlled speed(RPM)
;ensures that the media flows uniformly and
maintains a consistent pattern.
;used to maintain homogeneity and
equilibrium within an existing mixture.
Agitators
designed to rapidly blend
two or more components together,
regardless of whether they are of the same or different phases(e.g., solid-liquid, liquid-liquid, gas-liquid).
Mixers
separates a liquid from solids
by means of heat transfer via
vaporization or boiling.
Evaporation
process involving the conversion of a liquid into vapour that is subsequently condensed back to liquid form
;separation of substances by boiling and condensing a liquid mixture
DISTILLATION
a process equipment where in chemicals are fed in order to make them chemically react with each other for the purpose of making a desired product.
chemical reactor
is a closed vessel in which reactions happen and it is a non-continuous type of reactor.
batch reactor
it is also often called a
mixed flow reactor (M.F.R). In this
reactor also the reaction occurs in a
closed tank.
;It is different from batch
reactor in the sense that the name
itself indicates it is continuous type
of equipment.
Continuous stirred tank reactor
this is someone who designs, implements, and optimizes production processes to improve safety, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness.
Process Engineer
they are tasked with managing the
processing operations throughout the chemical processing
facility. These individuals must monitor panel lights,
recording instruments, and flow meters.
Chemical process operators
FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMICAL PROCESSING
- Material Balance (Law of conservation of mass)
- Energy Balance (Law of conservation of energy)
- 2nd Law of Thermodynamics (entropy)
- Laminar vs Turbulent Flow
- Heat Transfer (conduction, convection, radiation)
- Mass Transfer (diffusion)
- Reaction Kinetics (catalysts)
- Material Science (mechanical strength, thermal stability, & corrosion)
- Phase Equilbria (Co-existing of phases)
