🥼 introduction to cells Flashcards
What do cells of all types possess?
Cell membrane, DNA, cytoplasm, ribosomes
What are the characteristics of eukaryotic cells?
Larger, more complex, found in higher animals & plants, have a nucleus
What is the plasma membrane?
A semipermeable membrane that separates the inside of a cell from the outside environment.
What is the structure of the plasma membrane?
Lipid bilayer containing phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins.
What is cytoplasm?
A liquid that fills the inside of a cell, facilitating the transport of material around a cell.
What does the cytoplasm contain?
Cytoskeleton, which maintains cell shape, anchors organelles, and controls internal movement.
What is the nucleus?
A structure only in eukaryotic cells where most genetic material is stored.
What occurs in the nucleus?
DNA bases are decoded to form RNA, which then moves to the cytoplasm.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Responsible for protein synthesis (translation) in prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
A large organelle involved in protein synthesis & transport.
What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?
Smooth ER and Rough ER.
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Processes, modifies, and packages proteins and lipids for use inside and outside the cell.
What are vesicles?
Small, fluid-filled sacs in the cell that function in transport within & out of the cell.
What are mitochondria?
Membrane-bound organelles where ATP is formed.
What is the function of rough ER?
In charge of post-translational protein modifications.
